Terry B. J. Kuo

Terry B. J. Kuo

郭博昭

Terry B. J. Kuo (2026)
Nationality	Taiwan
Fields	Heart rate variability, sleep medicine, autonomic physiology, electroencephalography, Internet of Medical Things
Institutions	Tzu Chi University National Central University Taipei Medical University Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare
Alma mater	National Yang-Ming University (MD; PhD in pharmacology)
Known for	Heart rate variability analysis; wireless wearable physiological monitoring devices; community EEG screening for dementia risk
Awards	Academician Shih-Chun Wang Young Investigator Award (1999) K. T. Li Young Researcher Award (2000) Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the Republic of China (2004)
Website	Kuo Lab

Terry B. J. Kuo (Chinese: 郭博昭) is a Taiwanese physician and physiologist, a professor at the Institute of Brain Science of National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (NYCU) and director of the Heart–Brain Medicine Center at the Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare. His research covers heart rate variability (HRV), sleep medicine, autonomic nervous function and the Internet of Medical Things, and he has developed a range of wireless ECG, sleep and blood-oxygen monitoring devices. He was the founding director of the Institute of Brain Science at National Yang-Ming University, its dean of research and development, vice dean of its School of Medicine and founding director of its Digital Medicine Center; director of the Institute of Neuroscience at Tzu Chi University; founding head of the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering and the Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine at National Central University; and director of the Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics at Taipei Medical University. He has supervised more than one hundred doctoral and master's theses. In 2004 he was named one of the Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the Republic of China.^[57][58][59]

Life

Early life and education

Kuo studied the violin in high school and won second place in a national competition.^[58] He taught himself programming from junior high school and took an active part in science fairs in high school. His university entrance examination scores would have admitted him to the top choice in electrical engineering or computer science, but at his father's request he entered medical school. During his university years he continued to teach himself digital circuit design; he had no formal training in either electrical engineering or computer programming.^[60][61] On the violin he studied with Che-Nan Tseng (曾哲男), father of the violinist Keng-Yuan Tseng (曾耿元).^[62] He entered the School of Medicine of National Yang-Ming Medical College in 1986 and received his MD in 1993. He then entered the Institute of Pharmacology at National Yang-Ming University and received his PhD in pharmacology in 1996, with a dissertation on the physiological and pharmacological analysis of the spectral components of arterial pressure signals.^[57][59][63] According to Global Views Monthly, he designed his own electrocardiogram analysis system while a fifth-year medical student.^[58]

Academic career

After receiving his doctorate, Kuo became an associate professor in the Department of Pharmacology of the School of Medicine at National Yang-Ming University in 1996. In 1999 he moved to Hualien as an associate professor at the Institute of Neuroscience of Tzu Chi College of Medicine and Humanities (now Tzu Chi University), and from August 1999 to March 2001 served as a neurology resident at Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital.^[2] He was promoted to professor in 2000, became director of the Institute of Neuroscience in 2001, and took part in the Eastern Taiwan Sleep Research Center.^[57][64] In 2004 the China Times reported that under his leadership the Institute of Neuroscience at Tzu Chi University had assembled its own laboratory equipment with limited resources and produced substantial research output.^[65] According to Global Views Monthly, he became a full professor at the age of 32.^[58]

In February 2006, at the invitation of National Yang-Ming University president Yan-Hwa Wu (吳妍華) and vice president Ming-Ta Hsu (徐明達), Kuo returned to his alma mater^[64] as a professor at the Institute of Brain Science and its founding director (2006–2012). At the same time he served as the university's deputy dean of research and development, director of its incubation center and director of the Brain Research Center of the University System of Taiwan; from 2007 to 2010 he was dean of research and development at National Yang-Ming University.^{[57][58][66][63]} The Brain Research Center of the University System of Taiwan was headquartered at National Yang-Ming University, and in June 2003 Te-Chang Lee (李德章) of National Yang-Ming University was appointed its first director;^[1] Kuo succeeded him in February 2006 and served until July 2008,^[2] becoming the first director after the center's reorganization. He also applied separately to establish National Yang-Ming University's own Brain Research Center and served as its founding director from January 2007 to July 2008;^[2] before then the university had no brain research center of its own and had used the name of the University System of Taiwan's center. When the new center was established it absorbed the university's existing Neuroscience Research Center, which then ceased operation. During this period he was also director of the program office of the Department of Health's (later the Ministry of Health and Welfare) Telehealth Care Service Development Program (2010–2015),^[67][68] and director of the research and development section of the Department of Education and Research at Taipei City Hospital (2011–2013).^[2][3] From 2012 to 2015 he was convener of the medical electronics sub-program of the National Program for Intelligent Electronics.^[57]

From 2014 to 2015 Kuo was seconded to National Central University, where he helped found the Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering (as its preparatory director) and the Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine (as its founding director), while also serving as vice dean of the College of Health Sciences and Technology; from 2015 to 2016 he held a chair professorship in biomedicine there.^[57][2] At the end of 2015 he returned to National Yang-Ming University, again serving as director of the Institute of Brain Science and the Institute of Neuroscience, and as deputy dean of academic affairs (2015–2016); after his return he continued to teach in National Central University's Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering as a joint-appointment professor until 2017.^[57][2] From 2016 to 2017 he was president of the National Yang-Ming University Faculty Association.^[2] At the time, a proposed merger of National Yang-Ming University with National Chiao Tung University met opposition from some faculty and students.^[4] On behalf of the faculty association, and together with the student association and the alumni association, he organised what was then the largest opinion poll on the merger at the university; most respondents opposed the merger, and the results were presented to the president on the day of the university council meeting. On 25 May 2016 the 47th university council meeting of National Yang-Ming University voted on the merger memorandum, which failed by 38 votes to 43, and the merger was put on hold;^[5] Kuo served as a vote monitor at this ballot in his capacity as president of the faculty association. From 2017 to 2019 he was director of the Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics at Taipei Medical University, and from 2018 to 2019 also vice dean of its College of Medical Science and Technology.^[57][69][2] During this period he also served as an adviser to the Department of Medical Research of China Medical University Hospital (2016–2018) and as a clinical research consultant to the Beitou Branch of Tri-Service General Hospital (2017–2019).^[2]

In February 2019 Kuo returned to the School of Medicine of National Yang-Ming University as its vice dean for strategy (until April 2020). On 20 March of the same year the university approved the establishment of the National Yang-Ming University Digital Medicine Center, and he was appointed its first director.^[70][71][72] From December 2020 he was seconded to the Taoyuan Psychiatric Center of the Ministry of Health and Welfare as founding director of its Clinical Research Center.^[73][72] After National Yang-Ming University merged with National Chiao Tung University in 2021 to form National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, he remained a professor at the Institute of Brain Science.^[74] Since July 2022 he has been the founding director of the Heart–Brain Medicine Center (Heart–Brain Research Center) at the Tsaotun Psychiatric Center, Ministry of Health and Welfare, bringing heart rate variability and EEG technology into clinical psychiatric services.^[59][75]

Founding of departments and institutes

Kuo has helped found or has led interdisciplinary departments and institutes at three universities:

• Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University: founded in 2006, with Kuo as its first director until 2012; he served as director again from 2015 to 2016.^[57][71]
• Brain Research Center, University System of Taiwan: succeeding the first director, Te-Chang Lee, he became the first director after the center's reorganization in 2006.^[1][2]
• Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University: established in 2007 on his application (absorbing the existing Neuroscience Research Center), with Kuo as founding director.^[2]
• Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering and Institute of Translational and Interdisciplinary Medicine, National Central University: he took part in their establishment while seconded to National Central University in 2014, serving as preparatory director of the department and director of the institute.^[57][2]
• Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University: director from 2017 to 2019.^[57][69][2]

In medical education, the School of Medicine at National Yang-Ming University introduced a "physician-scientist track" in 2005, allowing medical students to work in research laboratories alongside their medical studies; it later became an independent Physician-Scientist Program. Kuo took over the program from its founder, Shie-Liang Hsieh (謝世良).^[76]

He was also the founding director of the National Yang-Ming University Digital Medicine Center, the Clinical Research Center of the Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, and the Heart–Brain Medicine Center of the Tsaotun Psychiatric Center.^{[71][73][72][59]}

Teaching and mentorship

Kuo's teaching areas include physiology, neuroscience, sleep medicine, autonomic neurology, scientific writing, and computer applications in biomedicine.^[63] Since 1998 he has supervised 115 graduate theses, 27 doctoral and 88 master's.^[59] His students have come from 13 departments and institutes, including brain science, neuroscience, biomedical informatics, biophotonics, traditional medicine and sports science; thesis topics have ranged from wireless physiological recording systems and cloud health platforms to artificial-intelligence analysis of EEG and heart rate variability, exercise and hypertension, and smartphone addiction and sleep physiology.^[59]

His laboratory deliberately recruits students from varied backgrounds, including medicine, engineering and computer science; students without programming experience can join and are trained in the full workflow from electrodes and circuits to signal analysis.^[59] Most graduates have gone on to academia, medicine and the medical device industry.^[59] He also lectures frequently to the medical community and the public, having given more than two hundred academic lectures in Taiwan and abroad, such as the 2017 Wu Ta-You Science Camp keynote "Human–machine integration, past and present" and the Kaohsiung Public Library City Lecture "How the Internet is changing the treatment of chronic disease".^[2][6][7]

Many of the graduate students he has supervised were practising clinicians studying part-time, who went on to become department heads at major hospitals or university faculty members. Based on thesis repositories, the National Central Library catalogue and other public sources, some of these graduates and current doctoral students are listed below (most were co-supervised with his long-time research partner Cheryl C. H. Yang (楊靜修)):

Research

The core of Kuo's research is the use of spectral analysis to interpret physiological signals. Heart rate, blood pressure and brain waves are not fixed values but continuously fluctuating signals; decomposing these fluctuations by frequency makes it possible to distinguish the actions of different regulatory systems. In heart rate variability, for example, the high-frequency component mainly reflects parasympathetic (vagal) activity, while the low-frequency component is related to sympathetic activity. This approach allows researchers to assess autonomic function non-invasively from an electrocardiogram alone. Starting with real-time analysis tools developed in the early 1990s, he progressively applied the approach to clinical medicine, sleep, psychiatry and wearable devices.^[77][59] He has published more than 220 peer-reviewed papers; according to OpenAlex, his papers have been cited more than 4,000 times, with an h-index of about 34 (as of October 2026).^[59][77]

Real-time analysis of physiological signals

During his doctoral studies, Kuo worked with the pharmacologist Samuel H. H. Chan (陳慶鏗) and others to write algorithms on a personal computer that achieved continuous, real-time spectral analysis of blood pressure signals.^[8] Previously such analyses were mostly performed offline after recording; real-time analysis allowed physicians to observe autonomic changes directly during surgery or in the intensive care unit. The tool was soon applied in anaesthesia, cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and intensive care: in 1997 the team analysed patients' blood pressure and heart rate signals in real time in the intensive care unit and found that their spectral features could predict survival;^[9] another paper the same year found that the vasomotor component and baroreflex in the blood pressure signals of brain-dead patients were markedly reduced, which could serve as a reference for assessing brainstem function.^[10] He also worked with the neurology team at Taipei Veterans General Hospital, applying the same method to the relationship between cerebral blood flow velocity and blood pressure to study cerebral autoregulation.^[11]

Heart rate variability, sex and ageing

In 1997 Kuo used a heart rate variability analyser he had built himself to collect five-minute ECG recordings from about three thousand community residents in Yuchi Township, Nantou County. A 1999 paper in the American Journal of Physiology analysed 1,070 of these residents aged 40 to 79 without hypertension or arrhythmia, and found that middle-aged women had stronger parasympathetic regulation and middle-aged men stronger sympathetic regulation; the women's parasympathetic predominance disappeared after age 50, while the men's sympathetic predominance did not disappear until after 60. It is one of his most-cited first-author papers, and media reports described it as Taiwan's first large-scale domestic study of the autonomic nervous system.^[78][79] Later studies investigated the sources of these differences: a 2003 study found that oestrogen was associated with women's higher parasympathetic activity,^[12] and a 2002 study found that the "complexity" of cardiac pacemaker activity also differs between the sexes.^[13] His team later analysed sleep and cardiovascular autonomic function in subjects aged 20 to 80, finding a turning point at about age 50, after which poorer sleep quality and increased sympathetic activity appear together.^[59] In 2024 he returned to Nantou for community screening and found that nearly one third of elders aged 62 to 94 showed signs of autonomic weakness.^[79]

Sleep and the autonomic nervous system

Kuo's sleep research examines the brain and the autonomic nervous system together. Recording EEG and ECG simultaneously, he found that the power of slow waves during deep sleep rises and falls in step with the parasympathetic component of heart rate variability, indicating close coupling between the cerebral cortex and the autonomic nervous system during sleep.^[14] In studies of spontaneously hypertensive rats, he found that hypertensive animals had altered sleep patterns and an imbalance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity during sleep; the results were published in Sleep and Circulation.^[15] A 2008 study showed that sympathetic and vagal changes are asymmetric between the transition from wakefulness to sleep and the transition from sleep to wakefulness.^[80]

On the applied side, his team developed an automatic sleep-staging program with agreement comparable to expert scoring;^[59] in a clinical trial they found that slow-breathing training at about six breaths per minute (0.1 Hz) enhanced vagal activity, shortened sleep onset and improved objective sleep quality in people with insomnia.^[16] He has also studied the sleep of shift-working nurses, finding higher cardiac sympathetic activity during sleep in those working long-term night shifts.^[17] In recent years his team has extended its work to the gut–brain axis, using randomised controlled trials and animal experiments to examine the effects of specific probiotics on insomnia, mood and autonomic function.^[18] In 2007 he took part in establishing the Sleep Research Center at National Yang-Ming University, integrating basic research, clinical research, community service and industry collaboration.^[59]

Psychiatry and behaviour

Working with psychiatrists, Kuo has used heart rate variability as an objective physiological marker of psychiatric disorders. Studies have included autonomic changes in patients with schizophrenia before and after medication changes, electroconvulsive therapy and transcranial magnetic stimulation, as well as the effects of antidepressants on heart rate variability.^[77] Among community-dwelling elders, they found sex differences in the association between depression and cardiac autonomic function.^[19]

He has also studied smartphone addiction with the psychiatrist Yu-Hsuan Lin. The Smartphone Addiction Inventory (SPAI), which the team helped develop, is the most-cited of all his papers;^[77] they later developed a mobile app that directly records how often and how long participants actually use their phones, found that smartphone addiction is associated with distorted time perception, and incorporated the app's objective data into the diagnosis of addiction.^[20][21]

Extreme environments, anaesthesia and artificial intelligence

Kuo's team has also taken physiological monitoring into extreme environments. In addition to real-time ECG transmission from Mount Everest in 2009,^[81] they analysed climbers' heart rate variability at low altitude to predict whether they would develop altitude sickness at high altitude,^[22] and recorded EEG changes in climbers ascending Yushan (Jade Mountain).^[23]

In anaesthesia, a 2026 study published in Anesthesiology found that frontal EEG phase–amplitude coupling reflects nociceptive stimulation during surgery and the effect of nerve-block analgesia, which may help in developing objective intraoperative pain monitoring.^[24] In recent years he has also brought artificial intelligence into heart rate variability analysis, using a patch-type heart rate variability analyser with AI to detect obstructive sleep apnea and experimenting with large language models to grade the interpretation of heart rate variability results according to the evidence in the literature.^[59]

Internet of Medical Things and wearable devices

Kuo's laboratory designs its own circuit boards, firmware, gateways and cloud platforms, and has developed wireless heart rate variability analysers, miniature wireless sleep recorders, earphone-type ECG sensors and finger-clip continuous blood-oxygen monitoring systems.^[59] According to a 2006 Global Views Monthly report, the hardware cost of his wireless sleep monitor was about NT$10,000, compared with around a million NT dollars for comparable hospital equipment.^[58] His patch-type wireless physiological monitor received Japan's Good Design Award in 2006 and a medical device licence from the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 2016.^[82]

In 2009, during a Taiwanese expedition to Mount Everest (Qomolangma), his team transmitted climbers' ECGs in real time via satellite.^[66][81] In 2019, as director of the National Yang-Ming University Digital Medicine Center, he worked with National Yang-Ming University Hospital, the Yilan County Government and Saint Mary's Hospital Luodong to set up a "tele-ICU" in Nan'ao Township, pioneering remote ECG monitoring there.^[83][84] During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021, his blood-oxygen monitoring system was deployed in centralised quarantine facilities to detect asymptomatic "happy hypoxia".^[59]

Community health screening

In 2025, the Nantou County Public Health Bureau and the National Health Research Institutes (NHRI) launched the "Smart Health Cloud Project", screening community residents with portable HRV analyzers, with the Tsaotun Psychiatric Center team interpreting results and making referrals; more than 600 people were tested in just over two months.^[85] His team also developed "SynaSight", a forehead-patch EEG device that, combined with analysis software from the team of academician Norden E. Huang, screens community residents for dementia risk using an EEG recording of about three minutes.^[59]

Products and technology development

History of technology development

Kuo's instruments grew step by step out of the research needs of his laboratory. He did most of the work himself, from drawing circuit diagrams and soldering circuit boards to writing software; drawing and soldering his own circuits, he could finish testing and corrections within 24 hours and have a device in use within a week.^[86][64]

HRV analyzers: During his doctoral studies he used self-designed software and equipment to build a physiological rhythm analyzer. In intensive care studies he found that the analysis plot of dying patients shrank almost to a single point, which could be used to predict survival; colleagues therefore nicknamed it the "fortune-telling machine", and it became the first generation of the later "Yin-Yang meter" (陰陽儀).^[86][9] The earliest version connected a Hewlett-Packard (HP) physiological monitor to a computer for analysis; it was later replaced by a self-designed amplifier and a real-time analysis algorithm running on a personal computer,^[25] and then shrunk, using a single-board computer running DOS, to the size of a lunch box as the "Enjoy-1" (享翔一號, SS-1).^[27] In 2003 the first hand-built, lunch-box-sized Enjoy-1 prototype was made, whose screen already displayed the yin-yang balance of the autonomic nervous system as a taiji diagram; in 2005 a second model was produced with a molded elongated case, identical inside and differing only in its housing. The technology was granted the Taiwan invention patent "Method and device for detecting yin-yang deficiency and excess" (陰陽虛實之偵測方法及其裝置, No. 198840) and its corresponding Chinese patent (ZL03109155.5), as well as the US patent "Methods and apparatus for analyzing heart rate variability" (US 7,277,746 B2, claiming priority from a Taiwan application filed in May 2003); the device housing described in the US patent measures 14 × 11 × 4.5 cm.^[87][26] Next came a business-card-sized model based on the 8051 microcontroller (2008). At the time a desktop HRV analyzer sold for more than NT$1 million; over three generations of models he reduced the instrument to about one-hundredth of its original size, roughly that of a business card, and named it the "Yin-Yang meter": the subject holds the device with both hands for two minutes, and the screen shows the balance between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity as a taiji diagram.^[88][86] He built about one hundred third-generation Yin-Yang meters, donated 30 to National Yang-Ming University for research, and others were purchased by universities including National Taipei University of Sport and Tamkang University.^[86] In 2009 the Yin-Yang meter's software was licensed to Yang-Yin Co. (陽茵) and its hardware manufactured by Xenon Medical Devices Co. (神農醫療器材; both companies were incubated at National Yang-Ming University's incubation center), lowering the unit price of the research model from the million-NT$ range to about NT$100,000.^[88] The laboratory's (K&Y Lab) HRV technology was also commercialized by Wegene Technology (威今基因科技), a collaboration lasting more than 16 years.^[27] The technology was transferred to Wegene in 2001, and in 2002 the company launched its first-generation autonomic nervous system analyzer, used with a personal computer. In April 2006 the Wegene HRV analyzer (manufactured under contract by Tatung Company) received a medical device license from the Department of Health, Executive Yuan (license No. 002015),^[28] making it one of the earliest domestically manufactured HRV analyzers in Taiwan to obtain a medical device license.^[28] In February 2015, the commercial version of the business-card model, together with a handheld model built on a Texas Instruments MSP430 microcontroller (the "crab machine", SC-101), received a medical device license from the Ministry of Health and Welfare as the Wegene Handheld ECG Monitor (license No. 004896).^[28][2]

Wireless transmission and animal EEG recording: At Tzu Chi University he took part in the Eastern Taiwan Sleep Research Center founded by Chi-Wan Lai (賴其萬), where animal experiments used an EEG recorder designed by his colleague Fu-Zen Shaw (蕭富仁).^[64] Conventional sleep recorders were wired, covering subjects in leads so that they could not even go to the toilet. In early 2005 he began designing a wireless sleep recording system and created his own "Xenon wireless transmission protocol" (神農無線傳輸協議), balancing power saving and transmission accuracy. In May 2005, in less than a month, he built a prototype wireless ECG with a 250 Hz sampling rate and a current draw under 5 mA, able to run more than a day on a single button cell; two days later he built the first wireless EEG recorder, successfully tested on rats, which could move, rest and grow freely while carrying the device.^[64] He also miniaturized the amplifier so that the whole unit could be mounted on a rat's head, enabling the team to record EEG from freely moving rats and even rats running on a treadmill; the results were published in journals including Neuroscience Letters, Neuroscience and the Journal of Neurophysiology.^[29][30] This rat and mouse EEG system was used in animal experiments from 2005 onward and was one of the early wireless animal EEG recording systems in Taiwan.^[64]

Technologies based on the Xenon protocol were subsequently transferred to companies:

• Transferred to Leadtek, which produced a miniature wireless ECG recorder, one of the smallest ECG recorders in the world at the time; it received a Japanese Good Design Award in 2006.^[64] In October 2009 Leadtek obtained a Department of Health medical device license for it as the "Handheld ECG Holter" (隨身簡易型心電圖記錄器, license No. 002806).^[28]
• After returning to Yang-Ming in 2006, he built a four-channel wireless rat EEG recorder with a built-in three-axis accelerometer that could run 25 hours on a full charge, provided to students free of charge.^[64]
• In 2007 the technology was transferred to Xin Xin Yi (新新憶), which produced a miniature wireless sleep recorder weighing 11 g, with a built-in memory card and 30 hours of continuous operation; it was one of the smallest sleep recorders in the world at the time and one of the early fully wireless sleep monitoring systems in Taiwan.^[64]
• After testing this sleep recorder, the US medical device company Inovise commissioned Xin Xin Yi to design and manufacture a "48-hour heart sound and ECG recorder", completed in 2009 and cleared by the US FDA and Taiwan's health authority as a medical device; Kuo described it as the world's first wearable heart sound–ECG recorder.^[64]

A 2013 report in CommonHealth Magazine also noted that he had developed a wireless EEG recorder the size of three stacked NT$5 coins that can be attached to the back of the head and can switch on a light remotely "by thought", potentially helping patients paralyzed by stroke or with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to operate appliances.^[89]

From animals to humans and the community: Years later this miniature EEG technology was reduced to a human EEG recorder weighing only 7 g which, combined with academician Norden E. Huang's algorithms and with built-in network connectivity, could transmit monitoring signals from patients in Taitung over 300 km back to the NYCU laboratory for analysis. His student Tzu-Chun Wang (王資竣) used it to monitor patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery; the study, published in Anesthesia & Analgesia in 2023, found that EEG shows specific changes in response to painful stimulation.^[90][91] The team also developed a pocket-sized autonomic nervous function tester: the subject inserts two index fingers, and the state of sympathetic and parasympathetic activity is measured in under a minute.^[90] These technologies later evolved into SynaSight, a community dementia-risk screening device.^[59] In a 2026 community pilot, the team recorded EEG from about 600 older adults and identified 25 with suspected cognitive impairment.

Cloud-based health care and telecare: Kuo's technology can add wireless transmission to commercially available blood pressure monitors, glucose meters, ECG machines and weighing scales of various brands, so that readings are uploaded to the cloud automatically without pressing any buttons.^[89] In October 2011 Taipei City Hospital launched a pilot home cloud health care program in which participating residents could use cloud-connected blood pressure monitors free of charge; each reading was transmitted automatically to the hospital's computers for interpretation, and abnormal readings immediately triggered a text message to the user or their relatives.^[3] In 2012 he worked with the Taipei City Department of Health on the "Taipei City Government Employee Cloud Health Management Program" and the "Home Cloud Health Management Program", in which a system developed by Taipei City Hospital interpreted readings automatically and sent text-message alerts for abnormal blood pressure or sudden drops in temperature;^[89] participants grew from 24 in January 2012 to a cumulative 1,045 by the end of the year, and monthly uploaded blood pressure records from 149 to 12,761.^[31] The cloud blood pressure system had already been piloted at Taipei City Hospital in October 2011 and was one of the early cloud-based blood pressure management services in Taiwan.^[3] He also tested a palm-sized, completely leadless patch-type cloud ECG recorder in 24-hour monitoring trials at the Ren-Ai Branch of Taipei City Hospital;^[89] the device received a Ministry of Health and Welfare medical device license in 2016.^[82] In October of that year, the "偵貼心" patch-type ECG and heart sound recorder of Yabodi Technology (雅柏迪科技; license No. 005529, manufactured by Leadtek) and the Wegene patch-type HRV analyzer (license No. 005532) received licenses two days apart, more than six months ahead of other manufacturers' domestically made patch-type (wearable) ECG recorders, which were licensed from 2017 onward;^[28] Yabodi was a start-up founded to integrate Kuo's "Xenon" medical device technology, and designed and developed the 偵貼心 recorder on that basis.^[32] Earlier, in 2009, the Handheld ECG Holter licensed by Leadtek using his technology (license No. 002806) was already one of the earliest domestically made portable ECG recorders in Taiwan to receive a medical device license.^[28] His designs were adopted in turn by several domestic manufacturers, including Wegene Technology (Leadtek Biomedical), Leadtek, Xin Xin Yi and Yabodi, developing from research prototypes into licensed medical device products.^{[28][27][64][32]}

Major products

Kuo's team develops most of its systems in-house, from circuit boards and firmware to gateways and cloud platforms, aiming to achieve measurement quality comparable to commercial equipment at a much lower cost.^[59][58] According to an NYCU podcast, some of the products he developed, such as portable heart rate analyzers, miniature sleep recorders and ECG watches, have been certified by health authorities or the US FDA.^[60] Major products and technologies are listed below:

His technologies were transferred to companies including Leadtek, Xin Xin Yi, Yang-Yin and Xenon Medical Devices (see History of technology development),^[64][88] and, in the name of National Yang-Ming University, licensed technologies including an ultra-low-power wireless transmission module (Tatung Biotech, 2011–2014), Bluetooth and Xenon HRV wireless transmission chip modules (Taiwan Yun Kang (臺灣雲康), 2011–2014), the Xenon IID module (Shao Hua (少華), 2012–2015), Xenon wireless transmission modules and routers (Leadtek, 2012–2018), and a sunglasses-type drowsiness prevention device (United Leader International Investment (聯合利得國際投資), 2013–2016).^[2] Yung-Yang Lin (林永煬), director of the Institute of Brain Science at National Yang-Ming University, once stated that Kuo had developed more products and obtained more patents than anyone else in the institute.^[89]

Patents

From his first Taiwan utility model patent, an "ECG converter for heart rate variability analysis", granted in 1999, to 2018, Kuo was granted 47 patents, including 9 US invention patents, 3 patents in mainland China and 35 Taiwan patents (25 invention and 10 utility model patents), plus one pending US patent application.^[87][95] Besides Kuo himself, patentees include National Yang-Ming University, National Central University, the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) and Leadtek; co-inventors include his long-time research partner Cheryl C. H. Yang, academician Norden E. Huang (originator of the Hilbert–Huang transform), otolaryngologist Guo-She Lee (李國熙) and cardiologist Shih-Ann Chen (陳適安).^[87]

US patents

These US patents broadly reflect three stages in his technological development. The early patents (2002–2007) focus on core circuits and algorithms for HRV analysis: the "pulse interval to voltage converter" converts each heartbeat interval into a voltage signal in real time, allowing ordinary instruments to perform spectral analysis directly, and forms the basis of his HRV analyzers. The middle period (2010–2014) shifted to wireless wearable devices, such as ECG electrodes built into earphone earbuds or miniature recorders that can be attached to the chest, and a buffer device that stores data temporarily when wireless transmission is interrupted to prevent signal loss; the sleep analysis system automatically scores sleep stages from EEG and ECG. In the later period (from 2015), in collaboration with academician Norden E. Huang, nonlinear analysis methods such as the Hilbert–Huang transform were moved to the cloud, so that long-term physiological signals collected by wearable devices can be analyzed remotely and automatically.^[95][59]

Taiwan and mainland China patents

His Taiwan and mainland China patents are more numerous and cover a wider range. By technical field they are as follows:^[87]

• HRV and autonomic analysis: This was his earliest field. Heart rate variability refers to small variations in the intervals between heartbeats, which reflect sympathetic and parasympathetic activity; these patents turn analyses that formerly required large laboratory instruments into portable, remotely operable devices. They include an ECG converter for HRV analysis (utility model No. 149299, 1999), an automatic remote-control method and system for assessing autonomic nervous function (No. 168747, 2002), a non-invasive autonomic nervous system monitoring apparatus system (No. 176323, 2003, co-owned with ITRI), an ECG signal converter (I222861), a method and device for HRV analysis (I225394), a pulse interval to voltage converter (I261415, I254504; mainland China ZL03143197.6), and a "method and device for detecting yin-yang deficiency and excess" that uses HRV to assess the traditional Chinese medicine concept of yin-yang deficiency and excess (invention No. 198840, published 2004, co-owned with Leadtek; mainland China ZL03109155.5).
• Wireless wearable physiological sensing: Aimed at letting subjects wear devices for long periods in daily life without being tethered by cables, this work produced patch, earphone, necklace, ring and palm-clip designs. Patents include a sensor that simultaneously measures ECG, pulse and acoustic signals from the neck (No. 169688), a patch-type wireless micro physiological signal collection device (I311909), a miniature wireless ECG signal collection device (I313593), an earphone sensor ECG measurement system (I316401), a necklace-type ECG and body temperature detector (I337536), a data buffer device with wireless transmission (I432070), a palm-type blood pressure and blood oxygen measuring device (M518960), a biomedical signal sensing device (M523856), a wearable ring device (M541759; mainland China CN205814302U), and a heartbeat and pulse measurement system (I635850, 2018).
• Sleep, fatigue and behavior: Extending sleep and autonomic research to everyday safety and behavioral health. A sunglasses-type drowsiness prevention device (I321227) warns drivers when signs of drowsiness appear; a usage monitoring system for touch-screen electronic devices (M455306) records actual phone use as an objective tool for smartphone addiction research; and an IoT-based sleep apnea monitoring and analysis system (M541830) allows obstructive sleep apnea to be screened at home. There is also a behavioral pattern analysis method (I437458).
• Signal analysis and cloud computing: An analysis module and cloud analysis system (I488050) and an analysis system (I506583), developed with academician Norden E. Huang, analyze long-term physiological signals with nonlinear methods. A mobile-phone defibrillator (I472355) and a physiological signal detection system (I504384), developed with cardiologist Shih-Ann Chen and others, combine cardiac emergency functions with mobile devices.
• Telemedicine and care: A telemedicine system and method (I511070) lets physicians view patients' physiological signals remotely in real time; a vital-sign monitoring system for observation patients (M531823) provides continuous monitoring of patients held for observation, reducing the burden on nurses of bedside-by-bedside measurement.
• Exercise and rehabilitation: Applying physiological monitoring to sports science, including a cloud method for prescribing exercise and tracking feedback based on personal physiological data (I475508), a system for measuring and assessing the exercise status of marathon runners (M530133), and a joint-angle monitoring device for knee rehabilitation (M549051).
• Otolaryngology and other: With otolaryngologist Guo-She Lee, objective assessment of nasal obstruction and nasality using the ratio of low- to high-frequency energy in speech (No. 195701, I226600), and a brainstem test method for hearing and phonation (I260980). There is also a utility model patent for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) instrument (No. 224760).

Honors

• 1994–1995: National Science Council Research Award (Class B)^[63]
• 1997–2000: National Science Council Research Award (Class A); a 2004 report stated that he had received the NSC Class A Research Award for five consecutive years^[57][63][65]
• 1999: Academician Shih-Chun Wang Young Investigator Award (Society for Basic Neuroscience, R.O.C.)^[57][63]
• 2000: K. T. Li Young Researcher Award (ACM Taipei/Taiwan Chapter and the Institute of Information and Computing Machinery)^[57][63]
• 2001: National Outstanding Youth Representative (China Youth Corps)^[63]
• 2002: HRV analysis product (Wegene Technology autonomic nervous system analyzer) received the National Biotechnology and Medical Care Quality Award^[86]
• 2004: Ten Outstanding Young Persons of the Republic of China (Junior Chamber International Taiwan)^[57][58][63]
• 2004: Tzu Chi University Award for Excellence in Academic Research^[57][63]
• 2005: Tzu Chi University Paper Award^[63]
• 2006: Japanese Good Design Award for a patch-type wireless micro physiological signal collection device^[82]
• 2008–2019: National Yang-Ming University Faculty Excellence Award^[2]

Academic service

In 2018 Kuo and about 30 scholars initiated the founding of the Taiwan Heart Rate Variability Research Association (台灣心率變異研究協會),^[2] which was established on 11 November 2019 as a national civil association registered with the Ministry of the Interior, with Kuo as its president.^[34] He has served on the editorial board of Clinical Science^[63] and of Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis,^[2] has long reviewed for journals including Circulation, the American Journal of Physiology and the American Journal of Cardiology, and has served as a first- and second-round reviewer of National Science Council grant proposals.^[63]

Music

Kuo is an amateur violinist. In high school he won second place in a national violin competition, and his author biography in CommonHealth Magazine describes him as a "violinist"; he has played for more than 30 years and once raised NT$20,000 by performing a solo piece at a charity sale.^[58][71][89] While studying at National Yang-Ming Medical College he joined the school's Ai-Hsing Orchestra (愛杏管弦樂團) as concertmaster, and with the orchestra won first place in the national intercollegiate music competition.

After graduation he continued to play with a group of Yang-Ming alumni from the Ai-Hsing Orchestra who practice medicine around the country. This physician-based "Yang-Ming University Ai-Hsing Alumni String Orchestra" includes pediatricians, ophthalmologists, family physicians, dentists and otolaryngologists, and is coached by Yi-Chang Liu (劉以昌), Wei-Min Huang (黃維民) and others; Kuo has often served as concertmaster or soloist.^[96][97] His public performances include:

The repertoire of these performances is often linked to his research and to Yang-Ming's history. At the 2023 orientation for new students of the Institute of Brain Science, he played a Chopin nocturne while displaying his own EEG and ECG in real time with the laboratory's self-designed 7-gram EEG recorder, demonstrating the lab's technology to the new students.^[91] The Christmas concert at the end of 2025 was held at the Tamsui church founded by George Leslie Mackay; the program took as its theme the medical missions of Yang-Ming's founding president Wei Han (韓偉) and of Mackay, and most performers were Yang-Ming alumni serving in various parts of the country.^[103]

Music is also one of the themes of his popular-science writing. He has held a conversation with violinist Keng-Yuan Tseng (曾耿元) on music and the brain, and has written about the relationship of music to dementia and flow.^[62]

Popular-science writing

Kuo writes a column for CommonHealth Magazine, whose author biography describes him as "Ministry of Education–certified professor, physician, PhD in pharmacology, computer engineer, violinist, and one of the Ten Outstanding Young Persons".^[71] His articles often start from the history of science or from his own and his family's experiences before explaining the underlying physiology, and remind readers how to interpret data from wearable devices properly. Major themes include:

• History of science: For the centenary in 2024 of the first human EEG recording, he consulted the original papers of German psychiatrist Hans Berger and wrote "From an open skull to no harm at all: 100 years ago he first saw brain waves" (〈從腦洞大開到毫髮無傷，100年前他首度看見腦波〉), describing the discovery of electroencephalography.^[104] Another article reviews the development of HRV research, explaining how decades of research established that variations in heartbeat intervals arise mainly from autonomic regulation, and mentions his 1997 community study in Nantou.^[105]
• Proper use of wearable devices: In "Is a smartwatch 'stress index' accurate? This kind of arrhythmia means you are healthy" (〈智慧手錶測「壓力指數」準嗎？有這種心律不整代表你很健康〉), he explains that a smartwatch's "stress index" is usually HRV and points out that sinus arrhythmia accompanying breathing is actually a sign of health.^[105] "Come on, will smart bands get out of control? Three don'ts and three dos for smart users" (〈別鬧了，智慧手環會失控？聰明使用者該記得的3不3要〉) warns readers against over-interpreting device data.^[106] He has also stressed in other media that HRV measures only sympathetic and parasympathetic activity and cannot be used to judge personality or emotions.^[79]
• Personal experience: "How I built a watch in six months and caught my mother's heart disease" (〈我如何在半年內做出一支手錶，揪出我媽的心臟病？〉) recounts how his mother frequently had palpitations that hospital tests could not explain, leading him to develop an ECG watch that could be worn for long periods, which finally recorded the arrhythmia during an episode.^[93][94] "Who stole my mother's weight? Losing weight with super-slow jogging plus two tools" (〈是誰偷走了我媽的體重？靠超慢跑＋2工具瘦身成功〉) uses his mother's long-term activity and weight records to illustrate the effects of super-slow jogging.^[107]
• Healthy aging: "Longevity is not the same as decline: the secret of a 93-year-old grandmother as healthy as a young person" (〈長壽不等於衰老，93歲阿嬤健康強如年輕人的祕密〉) uses a 93-year-old woman as an example to discuss autonomic function and healthy aging.^[108]
• Music and the brain: His conversation with violinist Keng-Yuan Tseng became "A master's violin and brain science: three mysteries of the brain in my conversation with Keng-Yuan Tseng" (〈大師琴音與腦科學：我與曾耿元對談3個大腦的奧祕〉), exploring music, dementia and flow.^[62] "The most natural-sounding hearing aid! The first perfect combination of a Taiwanese academician's algorithm and a Taiwanese professor's handcraft" (〈聲音最自然的助聽器！台灣院士演算法＋台灣教授純手工的首度完美結合〉) describes the development of a hearing aid combining a Taiwanese academician's algorithm with hardware hand-built by his team.^[109]
• Medical education: "Who is willing to be a doctor in remote areas? Revisit how the 'Yang-Ming spirit' trained publicly funded doctors 50 years ago" (〈誰願去偏鄉當醫生？請複習50年前「陽明精神」如何培育公費醫〉) recalls Yang-Ming Medical College's early tradition of training publicly funded physicians to serve in rural areas, and discusses the shortage of medical staff in remote regions.^[110]

He has also written an article titled "Medical Internet of Things" (〈醫療物聯網〉) for Science Online (科技大觀園), the popular-science website of the National Science and Technology Council, describing the development of patch-type physiological monitoring devices and a cloud-based sleep apnea monitoring system.^[82]

Selected works

Books

• Yang, Cheryl C. H. (ed.); Kuo, Terry B. J. (chief reviewer). Heart Rate Variability Research: From Health Maintenance to Disease Diagnosis and Treatment (心率變異研究：從健康養生到疾病診療) (in Chinese). Taipei: Ho-Chi Book Publishing. October 2016. ISBN 9789863681526.^[111]

Journal articles

Kuo has published more than 250 English-language journal articles. Articles already cited in the text are referenced in the relevant sections; the others are listed under References – Other publications.^[77][112]

References

1. 台灣聯大腦科學研究中心 [Brain Research Center, University System of Taiwan]. University System of Taiwan (in Chinese).
2. 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). 個人資料表 [Personal data sheet]. Center for Neuropsychiatric Research, National Health Research Institutes. 2022-08-12 (in Chinese).
3. Uho editorial staff. 醫療科技也雲端化！ 血壓異常發簡訊讓你知 [Medical technology goes to the cloud: a text message alerts you to abnormal blood pressure]. Uho Health Network. 2011-10-27 (in Chinese).
4. 許秩維. 陽明大學鎖定清交尋跨域發展 9月重啟合校討論 [Yang-Ming University eyes Tsing Hua and Chiao Tung for cross-disciplinary development; merger talks to resume in September]. Central News Agency. 2018-08-21 (in Chinese).
5. 合校大事紀 [Chronology of the university merger] (in Chinese).
6. 2017吳大猷科學營 0731 郭博昭專題演講：人機結合的古往今來 [2017 Ta-You Wu Science Camp, 31 July: keynote by Terry B. J. Kuo, "Human–machine integration, past and present"]. YouTube (in Chinese).
7. 20170729高雄市立圖書館城市講堂—郭博昭「網路改變慢性病治療模式」 [Kaohsiung Public Library City Lecture, 29 July 2017 — Terry B. J. Kuo, "How the internet changes chronic disease care"]. YouTube (Kaohsiung Public Library video on demand). 2017-07-29 (in Chinese).
8. Kuo T. B. J., Chan S. H. H.. Continuous, on-line, real-time spectral analysis of systemic arterial pressure signals. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 1993; 264: H2208–H2213.
9. Yien H. W., Hseu S. S., Lee L. C., Kuo T. B. J., Lee T. Y., Chan S. H. H.. Spectral analysis of systemic arterial pressure and heart rate signals as a prognostic tool for the prediction of patient outcome in the intensive care unit. Critical Care Medicine. 1997; 25: 258–266.
10. Kuo T. B. J., et al.. Diminished vasomotor component of systemic arterial pressure signals and baroreflex in brain death. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 1997; 273: H1291–H1298.
11. Kuo T. B. J., et al.. Frequency domain analysis of cerebral blood flow velocity and its correlation with arterial blood pressure. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 1998; 18: 311–318.
12. Liu C. C., Kuo T. B. J., Yang C. C. H.. Effects of estrogen on gender-related autonomic differences in humans. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2003; 285: H2188–H2193.
13. Kuo T. B. J., Yang C. C. H.. Sexual dimorphism in the complexity of cardiac pacemaker activity. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 2002; 283: H1695–H1702.
14. Kuo T. B. J., Yang C. C. H.. Scatterplot analysis of EEG slow-wave magnitude and heart rate variability: an integrative exploration of cerebral cortical and autonomic functions. Sleep. 2004; 27: 648–656.
15. Kuo T. B. J., Yang C. C. H.. Sleep-related changes in cardiovascular neural regulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Circulation. 2005; 112: 849–854.
16. Tsai H. J., Kuo T. B. J., Lee G. S., Yang C. C. H.. Efficacy of paced breathing for insomnia: enhances vagal activity and improves sleep quality. Psychophysiology. 2015; 52: 388–396.
17. Chung M. H., et al.. Sleep and autonomic nervous system changes – enhanced cardiac sympathetic modulations during sleep in permanent night shift nurses. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health. 2009; 35: 180–187.
18. Ho Y. T., Tsai Y. C., Kuo T. B. J., Yang C. C. H.. Effects of Lactobacillus plantarum PS128 on depressive symptoms and sleep quality in self-reported insomniacs: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Nutrients. 2021; 13(8): 2820.
19. Chen H. C., Yang C. C. H., Kuo T. B. J., Su T. P., Chou P.. Gender differences in the relationship between depression and cardiac autonomic function among community elderly. International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry. 2010; 25: 314–322.
20. Lin Y. H., et al.. Time distortion associated with smartphone addiction: identifying smartphone addiction via a mobile application (App). Journal of Psychiatric Research. 2015; 65: 139–145.
21. Lin Y. H., et al.. To use or not to use? Compulsive behavior and its role in smartphone addiction. Translational Psychiatry. 2017; 7(2).
22. Huang H. H., et al.. Alternations of heart rate variability at lower altitude in the predication of trekkers with acute mountain sickness at high altitude. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine. 2010; 20: 58–63.
23. Chang K. S., et al.. The changes of electroencephalography in mountaineers on Mount Jade, Taiwan: an observational study. PLOS ONE. 2022; 17(11): e0275870.
24. Wang T. C., Kuo Y. E., Kuo T. B. J., Yang C. C. H.. Frontal electroencephalogram phase–amplitude coupling reflects nociception and the analgesic effect of transversus abdominis plane block in laparoscopic surgery. Anesthesiology. 2026.
25. Kuo T. B. J., Shyr M. H., Chan S. H. H.. Simultaneous, continuous, on-line and real-time spectral analysis of multiple physiologic signals by a personal-computer-based algorithm. Biological Signals. 1993; 2: 45–56.
26. US 7277746 Methods and apparatus for analyzing heart rate variability. 2007-10-02. Inventors: Terry B. J. Kuo; Cheryl C. H. Yang.
27. 楊靜修 (Cheryl C. H. Yang), ed.; 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo), general reviewer. 心率變異研究：從健康養生到疾病診療 [Heart rate variability research: from health maintenance to diagnosis and treatment]. Taipei: Ho-Chi Book Publishing (合記圖書出版社). 2016-10. ISBN 9789863681526 (in Chinese).
28. 醫療器材許可證資料集 [Medical device license dataset]. Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare (in Chinese).
29. Chen C. C., et al.. Changes in electroencephalogram and heart rate during treadmill exercise in the rat. Neuroscience Letters. 2008.
30. Li J. Y., et al.. Voluntary and involuntary running in the rat show different patterns of theta rhythm, physical activity, and heart rate. Journal of Neurophysiology. 2014.
31. Uho editorial staff. 北市推「雲端血壓」　健康資訊e化 [Taipei City launches "cloud blood pressure", digitizing health information]. Uho Health Network. 2013-02-07 (in Chinese).
32. 吳靜芳. 台美技術十年創新合作 雅柏迪「偵貼心」已進軍兩岸心血管照護市場 [A decade of Taiwan–US technology collaboration: AppBody's ECG patch enters the cardiovascular care market on both sides of the Strait]. Global Biotech Monthly. 2015-08 (in Chinese).
33. 麗台搶攻穿戴式商品 心律健康紀錄器上市 [Leadtek moves into wearables, launching a heart-rhythm health recorder]. Liberty Times. 2014-10-02: C2 (in Chinese).
34. 全國性社會團體名冊-按理事長性別 [Roster of national civil associations, by gender of chairperson]. Ministry of the Interior (in Chinese).
35. 建構智慧型手機成癮的症狀學與診斷系統 [Constructing the symptomatology and diagnostic system of smartphone addiction]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese); 國衛院電子報 [NHRI e-newsletter]. National Health Research Institutes (in Chinese).
36. 自律神經機轉應用在更年期婦女失眠的診斷與耳穴按摩治療之反應 [Autonomic mechanisms in the diagnosis of insomnia in menopausal women and their response to auricular acupressure]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese); 專任教師：龔彥穎 [Faculty: 龔彥穎]. Institute of Traditional Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (in Chinese).
37. 使用電子陀螺儀及無線傳輸技術之臨床前庭自轉測試及頭部脈衝測試 [Clinical vestibular autorotation and head impulse tests using electronic gyroscopes and wireless transmission]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese); 醫師介紹：謝麗君 [Physician profile: 謝麗君]. MacKay Memorial Hospital (in Chinese).
38. 腹腔鏡手術刺激下腦波及心率變異特徵變化之研究 [Changes in EEG and heart rate variability features under laparoscopic surgical stimulation]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese); 鏡周刊健康報導 [Mirror Media health report]. Mirror Media (in Chinese).
39. 對阻塞型睡眠呼吸中止症病患施行智能化監測及個人化精準醫療 [Intelligent monitoring and personalized precision medicine for patients with obstructive sleep apnea]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese); 學經歷 [Education and experience]. Dr. 徐英碩 (in Chinese).
40. 李立昂 (Li-Ang Lee). 探究兒童阻塞性睡眠呼吸中止症的自律神經功能、發炎體、腸道微菌體、和食物素養與扁桃腺腺樣體切除手術後的改變 [Autonomic function, inflammasome, gut microbiome and food literacy in children with obstructive sleep apnea and the changes after adenotonsillectomy]. PhD dissertation, Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, 2023. Advisors: 楊靜修 (Cheryl C. H. Yang), 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). Via National Central Library catalogue. Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).；李立昂 教授（Li-Ang Lee） [Professor Li-Ang Lee]. Ph.D. Program in Precision Medicine, National Tsing Hua University. Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).
41. 交感神經系統參與促進大鼠之清醒 [The sympathetic nervous system is involved in promoting wakefulness in rats]. National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University thesis repository. Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).；醫師介紹：陳俊宇 [Physician profile: Chun-Yu Chen]. Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital. Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).
42. 多尺度動態分析於生理訊號之驗證和應用 [Development and application of multi dynamic analysis in physiological signals]. National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University thesis repository. Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).；演講資訊：醫療科技的應用與未來（講者：林祐正博士） [Talk: Applications and future of medical technology (speaker: Dr. Yu-Cheng Lin)]. Institute of Brain Science, NYCU (Facebook). Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).
43. 以大鼠模式探討熟識度與生理壓力調控利他行為 [Familiarity and physiological stress modulate prosocial behavior in rats]. National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University thesis repository. Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).；【腦科所邀請演講】謝一德博士：從電機系學生到外商醫藥生技人 [Institute of Brain Science invited talk: Dr. I-Te Hsieh, from electrical engineering student to multinational pharma/biotech professional]. NYCU campus announcements. June 2026. Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).
44. 視丘下核之深層腦部刺激術對自主神經功能的影響 [Effects of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation on autonomic function]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese); 醫師介紹：劉康渡 [Physician profile: 劉康渡]. Taipei Veterans General Hospital (in Chinese).
45. 急性缺血性腦中風不同分型之心率變異性分析 [Heart rate variability analysis in subtypes of acute ischemic stroke]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese); 醫師介紹：陳柏霖 [Physician profile: 陳柏霖]. Taichung Veterans General Hospital (in Chinese).
46. 美沙冬對男性海洛因依賴者的自律神經調節：邊緣性人格特徵之影響 [Autonomic regulation by methadone in male heroin-dependent patients: the influence of borderline personality traits]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese); 臺大醫院雲林分院舉辦21週年院慶國際研討會 [NTUH Yunlin Branch holds international symposium for its 21st anniversary]. NTUH Health e-Newsletter. 2025-05 (in Chinese).
47. 跑步運動對theta波之影響及其應用 [Effects of running exercise on theta waves and their applications]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese); 師資介紹 [Faculty]. Department of Health and Leisure Management, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology (in Chinese).
48. 醫療物聯網開發與應用 [Development and application of the Internet of Medical Things]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese); 師資介紹 [Faculty]. Department of Information Management, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences (in Chinese).
49. 心肌梗塞對於睡眠期間之心血管自律神經變化與心律不整誘發影響 [Effects of myocardial infarction on cardiovascular autonomic changes and arrhythmia induction during sleep]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese).
50. 急性高山病患者在不同海拔高度下之腦電波及心率變異度參數變化 [EEG and heart rate variability changes at different altitudes in patients with acute mountain sickness]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese).
51. 正壓呼吸誘發之動脈壓變異性之生理分析與臨床運用 [Physiological analysis and clinical application of arterial pressure variability induced by positive-pressure ventilation]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese).
52. 李國熙. Advisors: 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo), 楊靜修 (Cheryl C. H. Yang). 嗓音的測量與相關應用 [Voice measurement and related applications]. Doctoral thesis, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University. 2004: 234 leaves (in Chinese); 李國熙 教授 [Professor 李國熙]. Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (in Chinese).
53. 孫宗伯 (Tzong-Bor Sun). 高壓氧治療緩解糖尿病足病患心臟血管之神經病變 [Attenuating the cardiovascular neural dysfunction with hyperbaric oxygen in diabetic foot patients]. PhD dissertation, Institute of Medical Sciences (Clinical Medicine), Tzu Chi University, 2005. Advisor: 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). Via National Central Library catalogue. Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).；Sun T. B., Kuo T. B. J., Yang C. C. H.. Power spectral analysis of perfusion signals on free radial forearm flap transplantation in humans. Microsurgery. 2009, 29: 636–643.
54. 哈多沐 [Physician profile: 哈多沐]. UDN Health physician directory. Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).
55. 傅進華 (Chin-Hua Fu). 老年高血壓病患之大腦循環動態 [Cerebral hemodynamics in elderly hypertensive patients]. PhD dissertation, Institute of Medical Sciences, Tzu Chi University, 2006. Advisors: 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo), 楊靜修 (Cheryl C. H. Yang). Via National Central Library catalogue. Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).；內科 傅進華 [Internal medicine: 傅進華]. Top1Health. Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).
56. 顏克典. 間歇低氧訓練對有氧適能與心率變異性表現之影響 [Effects of intermittent hypoxic training on aerobic fitness and heart rate variability]. PhD dissertation, Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, 2006. Advisors: 林正常, 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo); the catalogue misspells the author as 「顏克點」. Via National Central Library catalogue. Retrieved 2026-10-13 (in Chinese).
57. Curriculum Vitae: Terry B. J. Kuo. Ta-You Wu Foundation (吳大猷學術基金會). 2017.
58. 郭博昭：發明無線檢測儀 檢測睡眠品質不必等床位 [Terry B. J. Kuo invents a wireless monitor: no more waiting for a hospital bed to check sleep quality]. Global Views Monthly. 2006-09 (in Chinese).
59. Kuo Lab — Advanced Biomedical Science & Technology Lab. Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University.
60. EP212 如何結合醫學與工程，將醫療科技落地與發揚 [EP212: Combining medicine and engineering to put medical technology into practice]. 陽明交大幫幫忙 (NYCU podcast). 2024-05-08 (in Chinese).
61. 從無到有創作一個醫療物聯網（科創講堂：智慧醫療） [Building an Internet of Medical Things from scratch (Science & Innovation Lectures: Smart Healthcare)]. Scientific American (Traditional Chinese edition) (in Chinese).
62. 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). 大師琴音與腦科學：我與曾耿元對談3個大腦的奧祕 [A master's violin and brain science: three mysteries of the brain in conversation with 曾耿元]. CommonHealth Magazine. 2024 (in Chinese).
63. 郭博昭 教授 Prof. Terry B.J. Kuo, MD, Ph.D. Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University (in Chinese).
64. 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). 神農無線傳輸協議開創遠距醫療無限可能 [The Shennong wireless transmission protocol opens unlimited possibilities for telemedicine]. 光連雙月刊 [Photonics Bimonthly]. 2014-03; no. 110: 45–49 (in Chinese).
65. 陳惠芳. 慈大跨大步　神經科學研究　成果傲人 [Tzu Chi University takes big strides: impressive results in neuroscience research]. China Times. 2004-01-09, Hualien edition (in Chinese).
66. 林宏文. 陽明大學 全球大學排名快速躥升 [National Yang-Ming University climbs rapidly in global university rankings]. Business Today. 2011-06-16 (in Chinese).
67. 陳秀麗. 遠距健康照護上線　家人照護關懷無限 [Telehealth care goes online: unlimited care for family members]. 衛生福利報導 [Health and Welfare Report]. Ministry of Health and Welfare. 2013; no. 156: 16 (in Chinese).
68. 吳靜芳. 專訪衛福部「遠距健康照護服務發展計畫」專案主任郭博昭教授：「台灣健康裝置發展定位不清、人才不夠、法規不明…」 [Interview with Prof. Terry B. J. Kuo, director of the MOHW Telehealth Care Service Development Program: "Taiwan's health-device development lacks clear positioning, talent and regulation…"]. Global Biotech Monthly. 2014-06: 34 (in Chinese).
69. 陳雨鑫. 免到醫院睡一晚 北醫大幫你在家也能測睡眠中止 [No overnight hospital stay needed: Taipei Medical University lets you test for sleep apnea at home]. UDN Health. 2017-10-03 (in Chinese).
70. 講者簡介：郭博昭 [Speaker profile: Terry B. J. Kuo]. 2019-02-26 (in Chinese).
71. 郭博昭 專欄作者 [Terry B. J. Kuo, columnist]. CommonHealth Magazine (in Chinese).
72. 中心沿革 [History of the center]. Digital Medicine Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (in Chinese).
73. 團隊成員 [Team members]. Digital Medicine Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (in Chinese).
74. 師資介紹 [Faculty]. Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University (in Chinese).
75. 2025年會講者：郭博昭 [2025 annual meeting speaker: Terry B. J. Kuo]. Taiwan Society of Sleep Medicine. 2025 (in Chinese).
76. 打造醫師科研人才的百年大計（上）：陳震寰專訪 [A century-long plan for cultivating physician-scientists (part 1): interview with 陳震寰]. Ten-year outcome evaluation of the VGH–Yang-Ming physician-scientist training program (in Chinese).
77. Terry B. J. Kuo. OpenAlex.
78. Kuo T. B. J., et al.. Effect of aging on gender differences in neural control of heart rate. American Journal of Physiology. Heart and Circulatory Physiology. 1999. PMID 10600841.
79. 600元就能測 自律神經失調，會有憂鬱症、情緒問題？ [A NT$600 test for autonomic dysfunction: is it linked to depression and mood problems?]. CommonWealth Magazine. 2024 (in Chinese).
80. Kuo T. B. J., Shaw F. Z., Lai C. J., Yang C. C. H.. Asymmetry in sympathetic and vagal activities during sleep–wake transitions. Sleep. 2008; 31: 311–320.
81. Real-time electrocardiogram transmission from Mount Everest during continued ascent. 2013. PMID 23818945.
82. 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). 醫療物聯網 [The Internet of Medical Things]. Scitechvista. 2019-08-07 (in Chinese).
83. 林惠琴. 偏鄉醫療資源不足 陽明大學試推遠距加護病房 [With scarce medical resources in remote areas, Yang-Ming University pilots a tele-ICU]. Liberty Times. 2019-08-27 (in Chinese).
84. 嚴云岑. 影／ICU監測器一台200萬　陽明大學成立「遠距加護病房」助南澳 [Video: ICU monitors cost NT$2 million each — Yang-Ming University sets up a "tele-ICU" to help Nan'ao]. ETtoday Health. 2019-08-27 (in Chinese).
85. 南投智慧健康成果發表 攜帶式心率分析儀助社區篩檢 [Nantou presents smart-health results: portable heart rate analyzers aid community screening]. Central News Agency. 2025-11-14 (in Chinese).
86. 林靜君. 陽明大學研發長郭博昭：陰陽儀 2分鐘測出健康 [Yang-Ming University R&D Dean Terry B. J. Kuo: the "Yin-Yang meter" checks your health in two minutes]. 創新研發誌 [Innovation R&D Magazine]. 2009-06: 94–97 (in Chinese).
87. 全球專利檢索系統（GPSS） [Global Patent Search System (GPSS)]. Taiwan Intellectual Property Office, Ministry of Economic Affairs (in Chinese).
88. 李珣瑛. 搶攻家庭保健市場　陽明大學陰陽儀　創商機 [Targeting the home-health market: Yang-Ming University's "Yin-Yang meter" creates business opportunities]. Economic Daily News. 2009-02-16, local economy section (in Chinese).
89. 林芝安. 雲端健康管理時代來了；人物側寫：郭博昭——不行醫，改當科學家，服務更多病患 [The era of cloud health management has arrived; Profile: Terry B. J. Kuo — choosing science over clinical practice to serve more patients]. CommonHealth Magazine. 2013-04: 134–141 (in Chinese).
90. 口袋型自律神經檢測儀，癌友的心苦它一分鐘就知道 [A pocket-sized autonomic nervous system tester reveals cancer patients' distress in one minute]. CommonHealth Magazine. 2023 (in Chinese).
91. 20230616 新生座談會－蕭邦夜曲 [16 June 2023 new-student orientation — Chopin Nocturne]. YouTube (Tbj Kuo). 2023-06-17 (in Chinese).
92. 郭博昭：高齡社會需智慧科技導入 才能降低醫護負擔 [Terry B. J. Kuo: an aging society needs smart technology to reduce the burden on healthcare workers]. UDN Health. 2018-11-11 (in Chinese).
93. 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). 我如何在半年內做出一支手錶，揪出我媽的心臟病？ [How I built a watch in six months that caught my mother's heart disease]. CommonHealth Magazine. 2024 (in Chinese).
94. 醫師兒為母研發心電圖手錶，助揪出心臟「搞怪瞬間」，續航力還可長達15天 [Physician son develops an ECG watch for his mother that catches the heart's "glitch moments", with up to 15 days of battery life]. CommonHealth Magazine (in Chinese).
95. Google Patents：inventor "Terry B. J. Kuo". Google.
96. 台灣四季 春 第一樂章 四季謠（2012/10/27 國軍英雄館，陽明大學愛杏弦樂團校友團） [Taiwan Four Seasons, Spring, 1st movement "Four Seasons Song" (27 Oct 2012, Armed Forces Hero House; National Yang-Ming University Ai-Hsing String Orchestra alumni)]. YouTube (Tbj Kuo). 2012-10-27 (in Chinese).
97. Vivaldi Concerto for 4 Violins RV 580 by Physician Artists（2013/1/4 國家音樂廳） [(4 Jan 2013, National Concert Hall)]. YouTube (Tbj Kuo). 2013-05-06.
98. Pablo de Sarasate: Navarra for 2 Violins and Orchestra, Op. 33（薩拉沙泰 西班牙舞曲）. YouTube (Tbj Kuo). 2009-09-30.
99. 陽明大學第39屆校慶音樂會 台灣四季 [National Yang-Ming University 39th anniversary concert: Taiwan Four Seasons]. YouTube (Tbj Kuo). 2014-05-16 (in Chinese).
100. Bach Double Violin Concerto by Physician Artists（2015/12/27 陽明大學表演廳） [(27 Dec 2015, National Yang-Ming University Performance Hall)]. YouTube (Tbj Kuo). 2015-12-30.
101. 20211215 桃療歡送會 幽默曲 [15 Dec 2021 farewell party at Taoyuan Psychiatric Center — Humoresque]. YouTube (Tbj Kuo). 2021-12-18 (in Chinese).
102. por una cabeza（一步之遙）：2025/11/8 醫師節晚會 [Por una cabeza: Physicians' Day gala, 8 Nov 2025]. YouTube (Tbj Kuo). 2025-11-08.
103. Theme from Schindler's List：緬懷先賢 聖誕傳愛 陽明銅管重奏團音樂會 [Theme from Schindler's List: Yang-Ming Brass Ensemble concert "Remembering our forebears, sharing love at Christmas"]. YouTube (Terry Kuo). 2025-12-27.
104. 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). 從腦洞大開到毫髮無傷，100年前他首度看見腦波 [From an open skull to no harm at all: 100 years ago he first saw brain waves]. CommonHealth Magazine. 2024 (in Chinese).
105. 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). 智慧手錶測「壓力指數」準嗎？有這種心律不整代表你很健康 [Are smartwatch "stress index" readings accurate? This kind of arrhythmia means you are healthy]. CommonHealth Magazine. 2024 (in Chinese).
106. 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). 別鬧了，智慧手環會失控？聰明使用者該記得的3不3要 [Could smart bands go out of control? Three dos and three don'ts for smart users]. CommonHealth Magazine. 2024 (in Chinese).
107. 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). 是誰偷走了我媽的體重？靠超慢跑＋2工具瘦身成功 [Who stole my mother's weight? Losing weight with super-slow jogging plus two tools]. CommonHealth Magazine. 2024 (in Chinese).
108. 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). 長壽不等於衰老，93歲阿嬤健康強如年輕人的祕密 [Longevity is not frailty: the secret of a 93-year-old grandmother as healthy as a young person]. CommonHealth Magazine. 2024 (in Chinese).
109. 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). 聲音最自然的助聽器！台灣院士演算法＋台灣教授純手工的首度完美結合 [The most natural-sounding hearing aid: the first perfect union of a Taiwanese academician's algorithm and a Taiwanese professor's handcraft]. CommonHealth Magazine (in Chinese).
110. 郭博昭 (Terry B. J. Kuo). 誰願去偏鄉當醫生？請複習50年前「陽明精神」如何培育公費醫 [Who will practice in remote areas? Revisiting how the "Yang-Ming spirit" trained government-sponsored doctors 50 years ago]. CommonHealth Magazine. 2024 (in Chinese).
111. 心率變異研究：從健康養生到疾病診療 [Heart rate variability research: from health maintenance to diagnosis and treatment]. San Min Online Bookstore (in Chinese).
112. PubMed: Kuo TB[Author]. U.S. National Library of Medicine.
113. 以大型語言模型建構具文獻推理能力之臨床決策輔助系統 [Building a literature-guided clinical decision support system using large language models]. NYCU thesis repository (in Chinese).
114. Cheng, Y. T., Lin, Y. C., Ho, Y. T., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2026) Minute-Scale Sleep-Onset HRV as a Candidate Risk-Stratification Biomarker for Diabetic Retinopathy: An Exploratory Pilot Study. Diagnostics 16(20):3301.
115. Hsu, T. Y., Cheng, Y. T., Li, C. Q., Yang, D. M., Wang, Y. H., Huang, N. E. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2026) Implementation and Performance Evaluation of Real-Time Audio Decomposition Using Fast EMD on a Commercial Microcontroller. Electronics, in press.

Other publications

The following 236 publications (1991–2026) are listed by year of publication; articles already cited in the text are not repeated. Each entry was checked against bibliographic databases such as OpenAlex and PubMed, and 200 include DOI links; Kuo himself is shown in bold.^[77][112]

1. Kuo, T. B. J. and Chan, S. H. H. (1991) Power spectral analysis of systemic arterial pressure in the rat： correlation with pentobarbital anesthesia. Chinese Journal of Biomedical Engineering 11:54-58
2. Kuo, T. B. J. and Chan, S. H. H. (1992) Extraction, discrimination and analysis of single-neuron signals by a personal-computer-based algorithm. Biological Signals 1:282-292 doi
3. Kuo, T. B. J., Shyr, M. H. and Chan, S. H. H. (1993) Simultaneous, continuous, on-line and real-time spectral analysis of multiple physiologic signals by a personal-computer-based algorithm. Biological Signals 2:45-56 doi
4. Shyr, M. H., Yang, C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Pan, W. H. T., Tan, P. P. C. and Chan, S. H. H. (1993) Power spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic and hemodynamic correlates of propofol anesthesia in the rat： intravenous bolus administration. Neuroscience Letters 153:161-164 doi
5. Tan, P. P. C., Shyr, M. H., Yang, C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Pan, W. H. T. and Chan, S. H. H. (1993) Power spectral analysis of the electroencephalographic and hemodynamic correlates of propofol anesthesia in the rat： intravenous infusion. Neuroscience Letters 160:205-208 doi
6. Tsai, H. F., Kuo, T. B. J., Chan, J. Y. H. and Chan, S. H. H. (1994) Interaction between neuronal responses to nociception and hypertension in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of the rat. Neuroscience Letters 165:137-140 doi
7. Lee, B. P., Chen, H. F., Hsu, F. C., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, M. H. (1994) Effects of pulmonary air embolism on discharge of slowly adapting pulmonary stretch receptors. Journal of Applied Physiology 76:97-103
8. Luoh, H. F., Kuo, T. B. J., Chan, S. H. H. and Pan, W. H. T. (1994) Power spectral analysis of electroencephalographic desynchronization induced by cocaine in rats： correlation with microdialysis evaluation of dopaminergic neurotransmission at the medial prefrontal cortex. Synapse 16:29-35 doi
9. Chan, J. Y. H., Tsai, H. F., Kuo, T. B. J. and Chan, S. H. H. (1994) Modulation by angiotensin III of nociception-related and arterial pressure-related neuronal responsiveness in the nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis of the rat. Regulatory Peptides 50:247-257 doi
10. Lee, T. Y., Fu, M. J., Kuo, T. B. J., Lui, P. W. and Chan, S. H. H. (1994) Power spectral analysis of electromyographic and systemic arterial pressure signals during fentanyl-induced muscular rigidity in the rat. British Journal of Anaesthesia 72:328-334
11. Chang, A. Y. W., Kuo, T. B. J. and Chan, S. H. H. (1994) Power spectral analysis of electroencephalographic desynchronization induced by cocaine in the rat. Neuroscience Letters 170:175-178 doi
12. Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Chan, S. H. H. and Chan, J. Y. H. (1995) Neurobiology of central angiotensin III and dipsogenesis. Biological Signals 4:59-71
13. Chang, C. C., Yang, M. W., Lin, S. M., Kuo, T. B. J., Chan, K. H. and Lin, C. Y. (1995) Power spectral analysis of systemic arterial pressure signals during open heart surgery. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 55:421-426
14. Yang, M. W., Kuo, T. B. J., Lin, S. M., Chan, K. H. and Chan, S. H. H. (1995) Continuous, on-line, real-time spectral analysis of SAP signals during cardiopulmonary bypass. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 268:H2329-H2335
15. Chang, A. Y. W., Kuo, T. B. J., Tsai, T. H., Chen, C. F. and Chan, S. H. H. (1995) Power spectral analysis of electroencephalographic desynchronization induced by cocaine in rats： correlation with evaluation of noradrenergic neurotransmission at the medial prefrontal cortex. Synapse 21:149-157 doi
16. Yang, C. H., Shyr, M. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Tan, P. P. C. and Chan, S. H. H. (1995) Effects of propofol on nociceptive response and power spectra of electroencephalographic and systemic arterial pressure signals in the rat： correlation with plasma concentration. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 275:1568-1574 doi
17. Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Chan, S. H. H. (1996) Auto- and cross-spectral analysis of cardiovascular fluctuations during pentobarbital anesthesia in the rat. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 270:H575-H582
18. Wang, H., Kuo, T. B. J., Chan, S. H. H., Tsai, T. H., Lee, T. Y. and Lui, P. W. (1996) Spectral analysis of arterial pressure variability during induction of propofol anesthesia. Anesthesia and Analgesia 82:914-919 doi
19. Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H., Chan, J. Y. H., Tsai, H. F. and Chan, S. H. H. (1996) Further Characterization of Nociception-Related and Arterial Pressure-Related Neuronal Responses in the Nucleus Reticularis Gigantocellularis of the Rat. Journal of Biomedical Science 3:338-347 doi
20. Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H. and Chan, S. H. H. (1996) Transfer function analysis of ventilatory influence on systemic arterial pressure in the rat. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 271:H2108-H2115
21. Chang, A. Y. W., Kuo, T. B. J., Chan, J. Y. H. and Chan, S. H. H. (1996) Concurrent elicitation of electroencephalographic desynchronization and penile erection by cocaine in the rat. Synapse 24:233-239 doi
22. Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H. and Chan, S. H. H. (1997) Selective activation of vasomotor component of SAP spectrum by nucleus reticularis ventrolateralis in rats. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 272:H485-H492
23. Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Chan, S. H. H. (1997) Functional characterization of caudal hypoglossal neurons by spectral patterns of neuronal discharges in the rat. Neuroscience 77:813-827
24. Yang, M. W., Kuo, T. B. J., Lin, S. M. and Chan, S. H. (1998) Power spectral analysis of arterial blood pressure after spinal anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiologica Sinica 36:3-10
25. Chou, C. L., Kao, N. T., Kuo, T. B. J., Liu, T. J. and Chan, R. C. (1998) Heart rate variability as an assessment of acute rejection after heart transplantation. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi (Taipei) 61:561-567
26. Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (1999) Assessment of cardiac sympathetic regulation by respiratory-related arterial pressure variability in the rat. Journal of Physiology 515:887-896 doi
27. Hu, H. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Wong, W. J., Luk, Y. O., Chern, C. M., Hsu, L. C. and Sheng, W. Y. (1999) Transfer function analysis of cerebral hemodynamics in patients with carotid stenosis. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 19:460-465
28. Chern, C. M., Kuo, T. B. J., Sheng, W. Y., Wong, W. J., Luk, Y. O., Hsu, L. C. and Hu, H. H. (1999) Spectral analysis of arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity during supine rest and orthostasis. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 19:1136-1141
29. Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2000) Altered frequency characteristic of central vasomotor control in SHR. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 278:H201-H207 doi
30. Yang, C. C. H., Chao, T. C., Kuo, T. B. J., Yin, C. S. and Chen, H. I. (2000) Preeclamptic pregnancy is associated with increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic control of HR. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 278:H1269-H1273 doi
31. Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2000) Impact of pulse pressure on the respiratory-related arterial pressure variability and its autonomic control in the rat. European Journal of Physiology 439:772-780 doi
32. Su, C. F., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H. and Chen, H. I. (2000) Alternation of autonomic nervous functions and cardiovascular hemodynamics in severe head injury. Taiwan Critical Care Medicine 2:129-139
33. Chen, C. C., Chen, S. A., Tai, C. T., Kuo, T. B. J., Chang, M. S. and Prystowsky, E. N. (2001) Hyperventilation facilitates induction of supraventricular tachycardia： a novel method and the possible mechanism. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 12:1242-1246 doi
34. Yang, T. F., Wong, T. T., Chang, K. P., Kwan, S. Y., Kuo, W. Y., Lee, Y. C. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2001) Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability in children with epilepsy. Child's Nervous System 17:602-606 doi
35. Yang, T. F., Chan, R. C., Kao, C. L., Chiu, J. W., Liu, T. J., Kao, N. T. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2002) Power spectrum analysis of heart rate variability for cerebral palsy patients. American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation 81:350-354 doi
36. Yang, C. C. H., Lai, C. W., Lai, H. Y. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2002) Relationship between electroencephalogram slow-wave magnitude and heart rate variability during sleep in humans. Neuroscience Letters 329:213-216 doi
37. Wang, J. D., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2002) An alternative method to enhance vagal activities and suppress sympathetic activities in humans. Autonomic Neuroscience 100:90-95 doi
38. Su, C. F., Kuo, T. B. J., Chang, Y. L. and Loh, T. W. (2002) Alternation of systemic blood pressure, intracranial pressure and power spectrum of blood pressure after tracheal suction in patients receiving craniotomy. Taiwan Critical Care Medicine 4:81-88
39. Chern, C. M., Kuo, T. B. J., Chao, A. C., Sheng, W. Y. and Hu, H. H. (2003) Spectral analysis of cerebrovascular regulation in patients with autonomic dysfunction. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 66:393-399
40. Yang, C. C. H., Shaw, F. Z., Lai, C. J., Lai, C. W. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2003) Relationship between electroencephalogram slow-wave magnitude and heart rate variability during sleep in rats. Neuroscience Letters 336:21-24 doi
41. Chao, A. C., Chern, C. M., Kuo, T. B. J., Chou, C. H., Chuang, Y. M., Wong, W. J. and Hu, H. H. (2003) Noninvasive assessment of spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability in patients with carotid stenosis. Cerebrovascular Diseases 16:151-157
42. Kuo, T. B. J., Chern, C. M., Yang, C. C. H., Hsu, H. Y., Wong, W. J., Sheng, W. Y. and Hu, H. H. (2003) Mechanisms underlying phase lag between systemic arterial blood pressure and cerebral blood flow velocity. Cerebrovascular Diseases 16:402-409 doi
43. Lee, G. S., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2003) Voice low tone to high tone ratio--a new index for nasal airway assessment. Chinese Journal of Physiology 46:123-127
44. Lai, H. Y., Yang, C. C. H., Huang, F. Y., Lee, Y., Kuo, Y. L. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2003) Respiratory-related arterial pressure variability as an indicator of graded blood loss: involvement of the autonomic nervous system. Clinical Science (Lond) 105:491-497 doi
45. Fu, C. H., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2003) Effect of angiotensin II receptor antagonism on cerebral vasomotor reserve in humans. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 42:714-718 doi
46. Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2003) Dynamic regulation of arterial blood pressure from the brainstem. Tzu Chi Medical Journal 15:1-12
47. Kuo, T. B. J., Lai, C. J., Shaw, F. Z., Lai, C. W. and Yang, C. C. H. (2004) Sleep-related sympathovagal imbalance in SHR. American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 286:H1170-H1176 doi
48. Lai, H. Y., Yang, C. C. H., Cheng, C. F., Huang, F. Y., Lee, Y., Shyr, M. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2004) Effect of esmolol on positive-pressure ventilation-induced variations of arterial pressure in anaesthetized humans. Clinical Science (Lond) 107:303-308 doi
49. Chen, C. L., Lin, H. H., Orr, W. C., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2004) Transfer function analysis of heart rate variability in response to water intake： correlation with gastric myoelectrical activity. Journal of Applied Physiology 96:2226-2230 doi
50. Hsu, H. Y., Chern, C. M., Kuo, J. S., Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, Y. T. and Hu, H. H. (2004) Correlations among critical closing pressure, pulsatility index and cerebrovascular resistance. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 30:1329-1335
51. Kuo, T. B. J., Shaw, F. Z., Lai, C. J., Lai, C. W. and Yang, C. C. H. (2004) Changes in sleep patterns in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Sleep 27:406-412 doi
52. Chen, H. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Shaw, F. Z., Lai, C. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2005) Sleep-related vagotonic effect of zolpidem in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 181:270-279 doi
53. Su, C. F., Kuo, T. B. J., Kuo, J. S., Lai, H. Y. and Chen, H. I. (2005) Sympathetic and parasympathetic activities evaluated by heart-rate variability in head injury of various severities. Clinical Neurophysiology 116:1273-1279 doi
54. Lee, G. S., Yang, C. C. H., Wang, C. P. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2005) Effect of nasal decongestion on voice spectrum of a nasal consonant-vowel. Journal of Voice 19:71-77 doi
55. Fu, C. H., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2005) Effects of different classes of antihypertensive drugs on cerebral hemodynamics in elderly hypertensive patients. American Journal of Hypertension 18:1621-1625 doi
56. Kuo, T. B. J., Lai, C. J., Huang, Y. T. and Yang, C. C. H. (2005) Regression analysis between heart rate variability and baroreflex-related vagus nerve activity in rats. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 16:864-869 doi
57. Huang, C. J., Kuok, C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Hsu, Y. W. and Tsai, P. S. (2006) Pre-operative measurement of heart rate variability predicts hypotension during general anesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 50:542-548 doi
58. Tsai, M. W., Chie, W. C., Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, M. F., Liu, J. P., Chen, T. T. and Wu, Y. T. (2006) Effects of exercise training on heart rate variability after coronary angioplasty. Physical Therapy 86:626-635 doi
59. Fu, C. H., Yang, C. C. H., Lin, C. L. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2006) Effects of long-term vegetarian diets on cardiovascular autonomic functions in healthy postmenopausal women. American Journal of Cardiology 97:380-383 doi
60. Sun, T. B., Yang, C. C. H., Lai, C. J. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2006) Time course of cardiovascular neural regulation during programmed 20-sec apnea in rats. Critical Care Medicine 34:765-770 doi
61. Sun, T. B., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2006) Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on cardiac neural regulation in diabetic individuals with foot complications. Diabetic Medicine 23:360-366 doi
62. Lee, G. S., Wang, C. P., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2006) Voice low tone to high tone ratio： a potential quantitative index for vowel [a：] and its nasalization. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 53:1437-1439 doi
63. Lai, C. J., Yang, C. C. H., Hsu, Y. Y., Lin, Y. N. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2006) Enhanced sympathetic outflow and decreased baroreflex sensitivity are associated with intermittent hypoxia-induced systemic hypertension in conscious rats. Journal of Applied Physiology 100:1974-1982
64. Fu, C. H., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2006) Age-related changes in cerebral hemodynamics and their correlations with cardiac autonomic functions. Neurological Research 28:871-876 doi
65. Chen, C. L., Orr, W. C., Yang, C. C. H., and Kuo, T. B. J. (2006) Cardiac autonomic regulation differentiates reflux disease with and without erosive esophagitis. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology 41:1001-1006 doi
66. Chen, K. Y., Chen, C. L., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2006) Cardiac autonomic dysregulation in patients with acute hepatitis. American Journal of the Medical Sciences 332:164-167 doi
67. Chen, C. L., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2007) Transfer function analysis of heart rate variability correlated with gastric myoelectrical activity using a liquid nutritional meal compared to water： are they different? Chinese Journal of Physiology 50:271-276
68. Lee, G. S., Hsiao, T. Y., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2007) Effects of speech noise on vocal fundamental frequency using power spectral analysis. Ear and Hearing 28:343-350 doi
69. Fu, C. H., Yang, C. C. H., Lin, C. L. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2008) Alteration of cardiovascular autonomic functions by vegetarian diets in postmenopausal women is related to LDL cholesterol levels. Chinese Journal of Physiology 51:100-105
70. Chen, C. L., Yi, C. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2008) Effect of acid suppression on gastric myoelectrical activity in GERD. Hepatogastroenterology 55:1353-1355
71. Yi, C. H., Chen, C. L., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2008) The effect of acid suppression on sleep and cardiac autonomic regulation in GERD. Hepatogastroenterology 55:1649-1652
72. Liou, H. L., Chao, Y. F., Kuo, T. B. J. and Chen, H. I. (2008) Physiological, psychological and autonomic responses to pre-operative instructions for patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Chinese Journal of Physiology 51:317-323
73. Harnod, T., Yang, C. C. H., Hsin, Y. L., Shieh, K. R., Wang, P. J. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2008) Heart rate variability in children with refractory generalized epilepsy. Seizure： European Journal of Epilepsy 17:297-301 doi
74. Lai, I. C., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Wang, Y. C. and Shieh, K. R. (2008) Immediate impact of electroconvulsive therapy on cardiac autonomic function in schizophrenia： A preliminary study. Schizophrenia Research 100:353-355 doi
75. Li, J. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Hsieh, S. S. and Yang, C. C. H. (2008) Changes in electroencephalogram and heart rate during treadmill exercise in the rat. Neuroscience Letters 434:175-178 doi
76. Ko, J. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Lee, G. S. (2008) Effect of postural change on nasal airway and autonomic nervous system established by rhinomanometry and heart rate variability analysis. American Journal of Rhinology 22:159-165 doi
77. Yang, C. C. H., Yeh, I. T., Lai, H. Y., Chen, H. I. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2008) Dynamic effects of respiration on aortic blood flow and its autonomic control in rats. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 35:1294-1300 doi
78. Wang, Y. C., Yang, C. C. H., Bai, Y. M. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2008) Heart rate variability in schizophrenic patients switched from typical antipsychotic agents to amisulpride and olanzapine： 3-month follow-up. Neuropsychobiology 57:200-205 doi
79. Chung, M. H., Chang, F. M., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Hsu, N. (2009) Sleep quality and morningness-eveningness of shift nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing 18:279-284 doi
80. Harnod, T., Yang, C. C. H., Hsin, Y. L., Wang, P. J., Shieh, K. R. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2009) Heart rate variability in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy. Seizure： European Journal of Epilepsy 18:21-25 doi
81. Chen, C. J., Kuo, T. B. J., Tseng, Y. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2009) Combined cardiac sympathetic excitation and vagal impairment in patients with non-organic erectile dysfunction. Clinical Neurophysiology 120:348-352 doi
82. Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H. and Huang, N. E. (2009) Quantification of respiratory sinus arrhythmia using Hilbert-Huang transform. Advances in Adaptive Data Analysis 1:295-307 doi
83. Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2009) Frequency domain analysis of electrooculogram and its correlation with cardiac sympathetic function. Experimental Neurology 217:38-45 doi
84. Sun, T. B., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2009) Nonparallel cutaneous microcirculatory responses to pharmacologic alterations of systemic arterial pressure in rats. Microsurgery 29:319-325 doi
85. Sun, T. B., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2009) Power spectral analysis of perfusion signals on free radial forearm flap transplantation in humans. Microsurgery 29:636-643 doi
86. Tsai, P. Y., Hu, W. C., Kuo, T. B. J. and Shyu, L. Y. (2009) A portable device for real time drowsiness detection using novel active dry electrode system. Conference Proceedings- IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society 1:3775-3778 doi
87. Huang, Y. M., Yang, C. C. H., Lai, C. J. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2010) Involvement of sympathetic function in the sleep-related change of gastric myoelectrical activity in rats. Journal of Sleep Research 19:192-200 doi
88. Hsin, Y., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Harnod, T. (2010) Effects of chronic epilepsy on heart rate variability. Neural Regeneration Research 5:156-160
89. Chiang, J. K., Koo, M., Kuo, T. B. J. and Fu, C. H. (2010) Association between cardiovascular autonomic functions and time to death in patients with terminal hepatocellular carcinoma. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 39:673-679 doi
90. Lai, I. C., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Shieh, K. R. (2010) Transcranial magnetic stimulation for auditory hallucination in severe schizophrenia： partial efficacy and acute elevation of sympathetic modulation. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences 64:333-335 doi
91. Kuo, T. B. J., Lai, C. T., Hsu, F. C., Tseng, Y. J., Li, J. Y., Shieh, K. R., Tsai, S. C. and Yang, C. C. H. (2010) Cardiac neural regulation oscillates with the estrous cycle in freely moving female rats： the role of endogenous estrogens. Endocrinology 151:2613-2621 doi
92. Kuo, T. B. J., Li, J. Y., Hsieh, S. S. Y., Chen, J. J., Tsai, C. Y. and Yang, C. C. H. (2010) Effect of aging on treadmill exercise induced theta power in the rat. Age 32:297-308 doi
93. Chen, W. L., Tsai, T. H., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2010) Acute effects of ephedra on autonomic nervous modulation in healthy young adults. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 88:39-44 doi
94. Chen, W. L., Tsai, T. H., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2010) Effects of ephedra on autonomic nervous modulation in healthy young adults. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 130:563-568 doi
95. Chen, C. Y., Yang, C. C. H., Lin, Y. Y. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2011) Locomotion-induced hippocampal theta is independent of visual information in rats during movement through a pipe. Behavioural Brain Research 216:699-704 doi
96. Kuo, T. B. J., Yuan, Z. F., Lin, Y. S., Lin, Y. N., Li, W. S., Yang, C. C. H. and Lai, C. J. (2011) Reactive oxygen species are the cause of the enhanced cardiorespiratory response induced by intermittent hypoxia in conscious rats. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology 175:70-79 doi
97. Chiang, J. K., Fu, C. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Koo, M. (2011) Association between frequency domain heart rate variability and unplanned readmission to hospital in geriatric patients. BMC Public Health 11:137 doi
98. Kung, Y. Y., Yang, C. C. H., Chiu, J. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2011) The relationship of subjective sleep quality and cardiac autonomic nervous system in postmenopausal women with insomnia under auricular acupressure. Menopause 18:638-645 doi
99. Huang, Y. M., Yang, C. C. H., Lai, C. J. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2011) The influence of autonomic interventions on the sleep-wake related changes in gastric myoelectrical activity in rats. Neurogastroenterology & Motility 23(6):560-e208
100. Chen, S. Y., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Harnod T. (2011) Association of heart rate variability with clinical outcome in parkinsonian patients after subthalamic deep brain stimulation： A retrospective cohort study. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association 110:593-599 doi
101. Kuo, T. B. J., Li, J. Y., Chen, C. Y. and Yang, C. C. H. (2011) Changes in hippocampal theta activity during initiation and maintenance of running in the rat. Neuroscience 194:27-35 doi
102. Chung, M. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Hsu, N., Chuo, K. R., Chu, H. and Yang, C. C. H. (2011) Comparison of sleep-related cardiac autonomic function between rotating-shift and permanent night-shift workers. Industrial Health 49:589-596 doi
103. Chang, L. R., Lin, Y. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Wu Chang, H. C., Liu, C. M., Liu, C. C., Hwu, H. G. and Yang, C. C. H. (2011) Autonomic modulation and health-related quality of life among schizophrenic patients treated with non-intensive case management. PLoS ONE 6:e26378 doi
104. Lin, Y. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Ho, Y. C., Lin, S. H., Liu, C. Y. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Physiological and psychological impacts on male medical interns of on-call duty. Stress 15:21-30 doi
105. Chen, P. L., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Parasympathetic activity correlates with early outcome in patients with large artery atherosclerotic stroke. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 314:57-61 doi
106. Chang, L. R., Lin, Y. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Ho, Y. C., Chen, S. H., Wu Chang, H. C., Liu, C. M. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Cardiac autonomic modulation during methadone therapy among heroin users: a pilot study. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry 37:188-193 doi
107. Chung, M. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Hsu, N., Chu, H., Chou, K. R. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Recovery after three-shift work: relation to sleep-related cardiac neuronal regulation in nurses. Industrial Health 50:24-30 doi
108. Huang, W. L., Lin, Y. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Chang, L. R., Chen, Y. Z. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Methadone-mediated autonomic functioning of male patients with heroin dependence： the influence of borderline personality pattern. PLoS ONE 7:e37464 doi
109. Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, C. Y., Hsu, Y. C. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Performance of the frequency domain indices with respect to sleep staging. Clinical Neurophysiology 123:1338-1345 doi
110. Wang, Y. C., Chen, C. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Lai, C. J. and Yang, C. C. H., (2012) The influences of antipsychotic agents on the heart rate variability in male WKY rats: implications for cardiovascular safety. Neuropsychobiology 65:216-226 doi
111. Huang, S. S., Su, H. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, C. Y., Lan, Y. Y., Liu, B. Y., Yang, D. I., Tsai, S. C. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Suppressing cardiac vagal modulation and changing sleep patterns in rats after chronic ischemic stroke injury. Autonomic Neuroscience-Basic and Clinical 169:116-123 doi
112. Chua, Y. C., Yang, C. C. H., Lin, H. T., Chen, P. T., Chang, K. Y., Yang, S. C. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2012) Neonatal nociception elevated baseline blood pressure and attenuated cardiovascular responsiveness to noxious stress in adult rats. International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience 30:421-426 doi
113. Li, J. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Hsieh, I. T. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012). Changes in hippocampal theta rhythm and their correlations with speed during different phases of voluntary wheel running in rats. Neuroscience 213:54-61 doi
114. Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, C. Y., Lai, C. T., Chuan, T. Y., Wu, W. Y., Tsai, S. C. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Sleep disturbance among spontaneously hypertensive rats is mediated by an α1-adrenergic mechanism. American Journal of Hypertension 25:1110-1117 doi
115. Wang, Y. P., Kuo, T. B. J., Lai, C. T., Lee, G. S. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Effects of breathing frequency on baroreflex effectiveness index and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity derived by sequence analysis. Journal of Hypertension 30: 2151-2158 doi
116. Chen, H. C., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Su, T. P. and Chou, P. (2012) Cardiac vagal control and theoretical models of co-occurring depression and anxiety: A cross-sectional psychophysiological study of community elderly. BMC Psychiatry 12:93 doi
117. Hsieh, I. T., Yang, C. C. H., Chen, C. Y., Lee, G. S., Kao, F. J., Kuo, K. L. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2012) Uninterrupted wireless long-term recording of sleep patterns and autonomic function in freely moving rats. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering 33:79-86
118. Huang, W. L., Chang, L. R., Kuo, T. B. J., Lin, Y. H., Chen, Y. Z. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Impact of antipsychotics and anticholinergics on autonomic modulation in patients with schizophrenia. Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 33:170-177 doi
119. Kuo, T. B. J., Lai, C. T., Chen, C. Y., Lee, G. S. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Unstable sleep and higher sympathetic activity during late sleep periods of rats: implication for late sleep-related higher cardiovascular events. Journal of Sleep Research 22:108-118 doi
120. Wang, T. S., Huang, W. L., Kuo, T. B. J., Lee, G. S. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Inattentive and hyperactive preschool-age boys have lower sympathetic and higher parasympathetic activity. Journal of Physiological Sciences 36:87-94 doi
121. Chang, H. A., Chang, C. C., Tzeng, N. S., Kuo, T. B. J., Lu, R. B. and Huang, S. Y. (2012) Decreased cardiac vagal control in drug-naïve patients with posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatry Investigation 19:192-200 doi
122. Lin, Y. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Ho, Y. C., Lin, S. H., Liu, C. and Yang, C. C. H. (2012) Physiological and psychological impacts on male medical interns during on-call duty.Stress. 15(1):21-30 doi
123. Lin, Y. H., Chen, C. Y., Lin, S. H., Liu, C. H., Weng, W. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2013) Gender differences in cardiac autonomic modulation during medical internship. Psychophysiology 50:521-527 doi
124. Huang, W. L., Chang, L. R., Kuo, T. B. J., Lin, Y. H., Chen, Y. Z. and Yang, C. C. H. (2013) Gender differences in personality and heart rate variability. Psychiatry Research 209:652-657 doi
125. Liu, K. D., Shan, D. I., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2013) The effects of bilateral stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on heart rate variability in patients with Parkinson’s disease. Journal of Neurology 260:1714-1723 doi
126. Huang, S. S., Cheng, H., Tang, C. M., Nien, M. Y., Huang, Y. S., Lee, I. H., Yin, J. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H., Tsai, S. K. and Yang, D.I (2013) Anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, and pro-angiogenic effects mediate functional improvement by sonic hedgehog against focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Experimental Neurology 247:680-688 doi
127. Lin, Y. H., Ho, Y. C., Lin, S. H., Yeh, Y. H., Liu, C. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H. and Yang, A. C. (2013) On-call duty effects on sleep-state physiological stability in male medical interns. Plos One 8:e65072 doi
128. Chen, C. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Hsieh, I. T. and Yang, C. C. H. (2013) Electrical stimulation of the rostral ventrolateral medulla promotes wakefulness in rats. Sleep Medicine 14:1076-1084 doi
129. Wang, Y. P., Kuo, T. B. J., Lai, C. T., Chu, J. W. and Yang, C. C. H. (2013) Effects of respiratory time ratio on heart rate variability and spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity. Journal of Applied Physiology 115:1648-1655 doi
130. Kuo, T. B. J., Li, J. Y., Lai, C. T., Huang, Y. C., Hsu, Y. C. and Yang, C. C. H. (2013) Effect of bedding system selected by manual muscle testing on sleep-related cardiovascular functions. Biomed Research International 2013:937986 doi
131. Chiang, J. K., Kuo, T. B. J., Fu, C. H. and Koo, M. (2013) Predicting 7-day survival using heart rate variability in hospice patients with non-lung cancers. Plos One 23:e69482 doi
132. Kuo, T. B. J., Li, J. Y., Lai, C. T., Huang, Y. C., Hsu, Y. C., Yang, C. C. H. (2013) The effect of bedding system selected by manual muscle testing on sleep-related cardiovascular functions. Biomed Res Int. 937986 doi
133. Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, C. Y., Wang, Y. P., Lane Y. Y., Mak, K. H. and Yang, C. C. H. (2014) The role of autonomic and baroreceptor reflex control in blood pressure dipping and non-dipping in rats. Journal of Hypertension 32:806-816 doi
134. Wang, Y. P., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2014) Reply to Hejjel. Journal of Applied Physiology 116(6):710 doi
135. Li, J. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Yen, J. C., Tsai, S. C. and Yang, C. C. H. (2014) Voluntary and involuntary running in the rat show different patterns of theta rhythm, physical activity and heart rate. Journal of Neurophysiology 111:2061-2070 doi
136. Kuo, T. B. J., Hong, C. H., Hsieh, I. T., Lee, G. S. and Yang, C. C. H. (2014) Effects of cold exposure on autonomic changes during the last REM sleep transition and morning blood pressure surge in humans. Sleep Medicine 15:986-997 doi
137. Wang, Y. P., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2014) A possible explanation for the effects of respiration on heart rate and blood pressure asymmetry. International Journal of Cardiology 174:805-807 doi
138. Huang, W. L., Hwang, B. T., Lai, C. T., Li, J. Y., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2015) Is heart rate variability related to season of birth? Clinical Cardiology 38:407-412 doi
139. Wang, Y. P., Kuo, T. B. J., Lai, C.T. and Yang, C. C. H. (2015) Effects of breathing frequency on the heart rate deceleration capacity and heart rate acceleration capacity. European Journal of Applied Physiology 155:2415-2420 doi
140. Tsai, H. J., Kuo, T. B. J., Lin, Y. C. and Yang, C. C. H. (2015) The association between prolonged sleep onset latency and heart rate dynamics among young sleep-onset insomniacs and good sleepers. Psychiatry Research 230:892-898 doi
141. Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, C. Y., Hsu, Y. C. and Yang, C. C. H. (2016) EEG beta power and heart rate variability describe the association between cortical and autonomic arousal across sleep. Autonomic Neuroscience: basic and clinical 194:32-37 doi
142. Lin, Y. C., Lin, Y. H., Lo, M Z., Peng, C. K., Huang, N. E., Yang, C. C. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2016) Novel application of multi dynamic trend analysis as a sensitive tool for detecting the effects of aging and congestive heart failure on heart rate variability. Chaos 26(2):023109 doi
143. Kuo, T. B. J., Li, J. Y., Kuo, H. K., Chern, C. M. and Yang, C. C. H. (2016) Differential changes and interactions of autonomic functioning and sleep architecture before and after 50 years of age. Age 38(1):5
144. Hong, C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Huang, B. C., Lin, Y. C., Kuo, K. L., Chern, C. M. and Yang, C. C. H. (2016) Cold exposure can induce an exaggerated early-morning blood pressure surge in young prehypertensives. PLoS One 11(2):e0150136 doi
145. Lai, C. T., Chen, C. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Chern, C. H. and Yang, C. C. H. (2016) Sympathetic hyperactivity, sleep fragmentation and wake-related blood pressure surge during late-light sleep in spontaneously hypertensive rats. American Journal of Hypertension 29:590-597 doi
146. Kung, Y. Y., Yang, C. C. H., Chiu, J. H. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2016) The application of yin-yang concept on heart rate variability patterns in menopausal women with insomnia. Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 1-7 doi
147. Wang, Y. P., Kuo, T. B. J., Li, J. Y., Lai, C. T. and Yang, C. C. H. (2016) The relationships between heart rate deceleration capacity and spectral indices of heart rate variability during different breathing frequencies. European Journal of Applied Physiology 116(7):1281-1287 doi
148. Kuo, T. B. J., Lai, C. T., Chen, C. Y., Yang, Y. C. and Yang, C. C. H. (2016) The high-frequency component of heart rate variability during extended wakefulness is closely associated with the depth of the ensuing sleep in C57BL6 mice. Neuroscience 330:257-266
149. Huang, W. L., Liao, S. C., Kuo, T. B. J., Chang, L. R., Chen, Z. T., Chen, I. M. and Yang, C. C. H. (2016) The effects of antidepressants and quetiapine on heart rate variability. Pharmacopsychiatry 49(5):191-198 doi
150. Li, J. Y., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2016) Aged rats show the dominant modulation on lower frequency of hippocampal theta rhythm during running. Experimental Gerontology 83:63-70 doi
151. Lin, W. L, Lo, L.W., Chen, H. R., Lai, C. T., Yamada, S., Liu, S. H., Chou. Y. H., Chen, S. A., Fu, Y. C. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2016) Sleep-related changes in cardiovascular autonomic regulation in left coronary artery ligation rats: Neural mechanism facilitating arrhythmia after myocardial infarction. International Journal of Cardiology 225:65–72 doi
152. Huang, W. L., Liao, S. C., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, T. T., Chen, I. M. and Gau, S. S. (2017) Measures of Heart Rate Variability in Individuals With Somatic Symptom Disorder. Psychosomatic Medicine 79(1):34-42 doi
153. Wu, P. R., Chen, G. T., Cui, Y. Y., Li, J. W., Kuo, T. B. J. and Chang, P. L. (2017) Development of Home- Based Sleep Monitoring System for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Studies in Health Technology and Informatics 245:268-272 doi
154. Chen, C. W., Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, C. Y. and Yang, C. C. H. (2017) Reduced capacity of autonomic and baroreflex control associated with sleep pattern in spontaneously hypertensive rats with a nondipping profile. Journal of Hypertension 35(3):558-570 doi
155. Huang, C. Y., Nguyen, P. A., Clinciu, D. L., Hsu, C. K., Lu, J. R., Yang, H. C., Wu, C. C., Tsai, W. C., Chou, Y. C., Kuo, T. B. J., Chang, P. L., Jian, W. S. and Li, Y. J. (2017) A personalized medication management platform (PMMP) to improve medication adherence: A randomized control trial. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine 140:275-281 doi
156. Lin, Y. H., Lin, P. H., Chiang, C. L., Lee, Y. H., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Lin, S.H. (2017) Incorporation of Mobile Application (App) Measures Into the Diagnosis of Smartphone Addiction. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry 78(7):866–872 doi
157. Yang, C. C. H., Huang, S. S., Lai, C. Y., Kuo, T. B. J. and Chu, Y. C. (2017) Changes in sleep architecture under sustained pain in adult male rats subjected to neonatal 2 short-lasting local inflammatory insult. Developmental Neuroscience 39(5):386-398 doi
158. Wu, C. H., Li, W. Y. and Kuo, T. B. J. (2017) Proper algorithms making small signals meaningful. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine 151:A1 doi
159. Huang, W. L., Chang, L. R., Kuo, T. B. J., Lin, Y. H., Yang, J. L., Chen, Y. Z. and Yang, C. C. H. (2017) Viral infection, psychopathology, and autonomic modulation among methadone users in Taiwan. Heroin Addiction and Related Clinical Problems 19(6):31-38
160. Kuo, T. B. J., Li, J. Y., Chen, C. Y., Lin, Y. C., Tsai, M. W., Lin, S. P. and Yang, C. C. H. (2018) Influence of accelerometer placement and/or heart rate on physical activity energy expenditure prediction during uphill exercise. Journal of Motor Behavior 50(2):127-133 doi
161. Chang, C. C., Tzeng, N. S., Yeh, C. B., Kuo, T. B. J., Huang, S. Y. and Chang, H. A. (2018) Effects of depression and melatonergic antidepressant treatment alone and in combination with sedative–hypnotics on heart rate variability: Implications for cardiovascular risk. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry 19(5):368-378 doi
162. Lin, W. L., Chen, Y. R., Lai, C. T., Yamada, S., Liu, S. H., Chou, Y. H., Fu, Y. C., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Lo, L. W. and Chen, S. A. (2018) Neural Mechanism of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors in Improving Heart Rate Variability and Sleep Disturbance after Myocardial Infarction. Sleep Medicine 48:61-69 doi
163. Tzeng, N. S., Hsing, S. C., Chung, C. H., Chang, H. A., Kao, Y. C., Mao, W. C., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, T. Y. and Chien, W. C. (2019) The Risk of Hospitalization for Motor Vehicle Accident Injury in Narcolepsy and the Benefits of Stimulant Use: A Nationwide Cohort Study in Taiwan. Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 15(6):881-889 doi
164. Huang, W. L., Liao, S. C., Tu, Y. K., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Gau, S. S. F. (2019) Autonomic reactivity during reading of a somatic distress script in patients with somatic symptom disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 123:109729 doi
165. Chou, Y. H., Huang, W. L., Chang, C. H., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Lin, S. L., Chiang, W. C. and Chu, T. S. (2019) Heart Rate Variability as a Predictor of Rapid Renal Function Deterioration in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. Nephrology 24(8):806-813 doi
166. Li, J. Y., Chen, C. W., Liu, T. H., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2019) Exercise prevents hypertension and disrupts the correlation between vascular sympathetic activity and age-related increase in blood pressure in SHRs. American Journal of Hypertension 32(11):1091-1100 doi
167. Tsai, H. J., Kuo, T. B. J., Kuo, K. L. and Yang, C. C. H. (2019) Failure to de-arouse during sleep-onset transitions in the heart rates of individuals with sleep-onset insomnia. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 126:109809 doi
168. Chen, T. Y., Huang, C. H., Chung, C. H., Mao, W. C., Yeh, C. B., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, S. S., Chien, W. C. and Tzeng, N. S. (2020) Sex and age differences in the association between anxiety disorders and narcolepsy: A nationwide population-based case control study. Journal of Affective Disorders 264:130-137 doi
169. Li, J. Y., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2020) Behavior consistency is a sensitive tool for distinguishing the effects of aging on physical activity. Behavioural Brain Research 389:112619 doi
170. Chen, T. Y., Winkelman, J. W., Mao, W. C., Tzeng, N. S., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H., Tsai, H. J. and Wu, C. S. (2020) Real-world evidence on the use of benzodiazepine receptor agonists and the risk of venous thromboembolism. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis 18(11):2878-2888. doi
171. Wu, C. H., Lee, J. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Lai, C. T., Li, L. P. H. and Yang, C. C. H. (2020) Improving the Diagnostic Ability of the Sleep Apnea Screening System Based on Oximetry by Using Physical Activity Data. Journal of Medical and Biological Engineering 40:858–867 doi
172. Huang, W. L., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, I. M., Chen, T. T., Liao, S. C., Gau, S. S. (2020) The autonomic features of somatization diagnoses: Somatic symptom disorder and persistent somatization. Asian Journal of Psychiatry 53:102356 doi
173. Li, J. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Hung, C. T. and Yang, C. C. H. (2021) Voluntary exercise enhances hippocampal theta rhythm and cognition in the rat. Behavioural Brain Research 399:112916 doi
174. Kung, Y. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Lai, C. T., Shen, Y. C., Su, Y. C. and Yang, C. C. H. (2021) Disclosure of suboptimal health status through traditional Chinese medicine-based body constitution and pulse patterns. Complementary Therapies in Medicine 56:102607 doi
175. Chen, C. W., Wu, C. H., Liou, Y. S., Kuo, K. L., Chung, C. H., Lin, Y. T., Kuo, T. B. J. and Yang, C. C. H. (2021) Roles of cardiovascular autonomic regulation and sleep patterns in high blood pressure induced by mild cold exposure in rats. Hypertens Res. 44(6):662-673 doi
176. Chang, J. C., Huang, W. L., Liu, C. Y., Tseng, M. M., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J. (2021) Heart rate variability reactivity to food image stimuli is associated with body mass index. Applied Psychophysiology and Biofeedback 46:271-277 doi
177. Chen, T. Y., Chung, C. H., Chang, H. A., Kao, Y. C., Chang, S. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H., Chien, W. C., Tzeng, N. S. (2021) Long-term atomoxetine-oxybutynin combination use may be beneficial for the prevention of obstructive sleep apnea. Scientific Reports 11:12526 doi
178. Barsasella D, Syed-Abdul S, Malwade S, Kuo, T. B. J., Chien, M. J., Núñez-Benjumea, F. J., Lai, G. M., Kao, R. H., Shih, H. J., Wen, Y. C., Li, Y. J., Carrascosa IP, Bai, K. J. (2021) Sleep Quality among Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients: A Comparison between Subjective and Objective Measurements. Healthcare (Basel). 9(7):785 doi
179. Hsieh, H. S., Kang, C. J., Chuang, H. H., Zhuo, M. Y., Lee, G. S., Huang, Y. S., Chuang, L. P., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H., Lee, L. A., Li, H. Y.(2021) Screening Severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Children with Snoring. Diagnostics (Basel). 11(7):1168 doi
180. Chuang, H. H., Liu, C. H., Wang, C. Y., Lo, Y. L., Lee, G. S., Chao, Y. P., Li, H. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H., Shyu, L. Y., Lee, L. A. (2021) Snoring Sound Characteristics are Associated with Common Carotid Artery Profiles in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Nat Sci Sleep. 13:1243-1255
181. Hu, Y. F., Lee, A. S., Chang, S. L., Lin, S. F., Weng, C. H., Lo, H. Y., Chou, P. C., Tsai, Y. N., Sung, Y. L., Chen, C. C., Yang, R. B., Lin, Y. C., Kuo, T. B. J., Wu, C. H., Liu, J. D., Chung, T. W., Chen, S. A. (2021) Biomaterial-induced conversion of quiescent cardiomyocytes into pacemaker cells in rats. Nat Biomed Eng. Online ahead of print. doi
182. Tsai, H. J., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, A. C., Tsai, S. J., Yang, C. C. H. (2021) Difficulty in initiating sleep is associated with poor morning cardiovascular function. Psychiatry Research 295:113518 doi
183. Chao, Y. P., Chuang, H. H., Hsin, L. J., Kang, C. J., Fang, T. J., Li, H. Y., Huang, C. G., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H., Shyu, H. Y., Wang, S. L., Shyu, L. Y., Lee, L. A. (2021) Using a 360° Virtual Reality or 2D Video to Learn History Taking and Physical Examination Skills for Undergraduate Medical Students: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Serious Games. 9(4):e13124. doi
184. Lai, C. T., Chen, C. Y., She, S. C., Chen, W. J., Kuo, T. B. J., Lin, H. C., Yang, C. C. H. (2021) Production of Lactobacillus brevis ProGA28 attenuates stress-related sleep disturbance and modulates the autonomic nervous system and the motor response in anxiety/depression behavioral tests in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Life Sci. 288:120165 doi
185. Barsasella D, Syed-Abdul S, Malwade S, Kuo, T. B. J., Chien, M. J., Núñez-Benjumea FJ, Lai, G. M., Kao, R. H., Shih, H. J., Wen, Y. C., Li, Y. J., Carrascosa IP, Bai, K. J., Broekhuizen YCB, Jaspers MWM. (2021) Erratum: Barsasella et al. Sleep Quality among Breast and Prostate Cancer Patients: A Comparison between Subjective and Objective Measurements. Healthcare 2021, 9, 785 Healthcare (Basel) 9(11):1581 doi
186. Jau, J. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Li, L. P. H., Chen, T. Y., Lai, C. T., Huang, P. H., Yang, C. C. H. (2022) Mouth puffing phenomena of patients with obstructive sleep apnea when mouth-taped: device's efficacy confirmed with physical video observation. Sleep Breath. Online ahead of print. doi
187. Chen, T. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Chung, C. H., Tzeng, N. S., Lai, H. C., Chien, W. C., Yang, C. C. H. (2022) Age and sex differences on the association between anxiety disorders and obstructive sleep apnea: A nationwide case-control study in Taiwan. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. Online ahead of print. doi
188. Lin, W. L., Lai, C. T., Yamada, S., Liu, S. H., Cheng, W. H., Chou, Y. H., Yang, C. C. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Chen, S. A., Lo, L. W.(2022) Effects of renal denervation on sleep apnea and arrhythmia in rats with myocardial infarction. Sleep Med. Online ahead of print. doi
189. Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H., Hung, C. T., Chen, C. H., Lan, T. H, Li, J. Y., (2022) Behavioural consistency and hippocampal theta rhythm can reflect age-related anxiety during the behaviour test. Exp Gerontol. 163:111808. doi
190. Chen, C. W., Kuo, T. B. J., Hsu, P. C., Li, J.Y., Kuo, K. L., Yang, C. C.H. (2022) Roles of sleep-related cardiovascular autonomic functions in voluntary-exercise-induced alleviation of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats.Hypertens Res. 45(7):1154-1167. doi
191. Chao, Y. P., Kang, C. J., Chuang, H. H., Hsieh, M. J., Chang, Y. C., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H., Huang, C. G., Fang, T. J., Li, H. Y., Lee, L. A..(2022) Comparison of the effect of 360° versus two-dimensional virtual reality video on history taking and physical examination skills learning among undergraduate medical students: a randomized controlled trial. Virtual Real. 16:1-14. Online ahead of print. doi
192. Hsin, L. J., Chao, Y. P., Chuang, H. H., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H., Huang, C. G., Kang, C. J., Lin, W. N., Fang, T. J., Li, H. Y., Lee, L. A. (2022) Mild simulator sickness can alter heart rate variability, mental workload, and learning outcomes in a 360° virtual reality application for medical education: a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Virtual Real 14;1-17. Online ahead of print. doi
193. Lin, C. W., Li, J. Y., Kuo, T. B. J., Huang, C. W., Huang, S. S., Yang, C. C. H.. (2022) Chronic intermittent hypoxia worsens brain damage and sensorimotor behavioral abnormalities after ischemic stroke: Effect on autonomic nervous activity and sleep patterns. Brain Res 1798:148159. doi
194. Hsin-Jung Tsai, Albert C. Yang, Shih‐Jen Tsai, Yan Ma, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheryl C.H. Yang, Chung‐Kang Peng (2022) Associations of Reduced Sympathetic Neural Activity and Elevated Baroreflex Sensitivity With Non–Rapid Eye Movement Sleep: Evidence From Electroencephalogram- and Electrocardiogram-Based Sleep Staging. Psychosomatic Medicine 84:621-631 doi
195. Chia‐Hsin Yeh, Kuo, T. B. J., Jiayi Li, Kuan‐Liang Kuo, Chang‐Ming Chern, Cheryl C.H. Yang, Hsin-Yi Huang (2022) Effects of age and sex on vasomotor activity and baroreflex sensitivity during the sleep–wake cycle. Scientific Reports 12:22424-22424 doi
196. Chung‐Guei Huang, Jen‐Fu Hsu, Li‐Pang Chuang, Hsueh‐Yu Li, Tuan‐Jen Fang, Yushu Huang, Albert C. Yang, Guo‐She Lee, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheryl C. H. Yang, Li‐Ang Lee, Hai‐Hua Chuang (2023) Adenotonsillectomy-related changes in systemic inflammation among children with obstructive sleep apnea. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 86:596-605 doi
197. Chuen-Ru Liu, Kuo, T. B. J., Jwo‐Huei Jou, Chun‐Ting Lai, Yu‐Kai Chang, Yiing Mei Liou (2023) Bright Morning Lighting Enhancing Parasympathetic Activity at Night: A Pilot Study on Elderly Female Patients with Dementia without a Pacemaker. Healthcare 11:793-793 doi
198. Hai‐Hua Chuang, Rong-Ho Lin, Jen‐Fu Hsu, Li‐Pang Chuang, Hsueh‐Yu Li, Tuan‐Jen Fang, Yu‐Shu Huang, Albert C. Yang, Guo‐She Lee, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheryl C.H. Yang, Li‐Ang Lee (2023) Dietary profile of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea patients, effects of routine educational counseling, and predictors for outcomes. Frontiers in Public Health 11:1160647-1160647 doi
199. I‐Cheng Lin, Shen-Chieh Chang, Yu‐Jui Huang, Kuo, T. B. J., Hung‐Wen Chiu (2023) Distinguishing different types of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children using artificial neural network with clinical intelligent test. Frontiers in Psychology 13:1067771-1067771 doi
200. Yen‐Ying Kung, Yuh‐Chiang Shen, Jiayi Li, Yao-Kai Kao, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheryl C.H. Yang (2023) Effects of mind-body exercise on body constitution and circadian rhythm in people with suboptimal health status. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association 87:94-102 doi
201. Weiyi Li, Jia-Yi Li, Kuo, T. B. J., Kuan‐Liang Kuo, Tzu-Chun Wang, Cheryl C.H. Yang (2023) Low-frequency amplitude modulation of hippocampal theta rhythm in rats during treadmill running. Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 86:105313-105313 doi
202. Je-Yang Jau, Kuo, T. B. J., Lieber P. H. Li, Tien‐Yu Chen, Ying‐Shuo Hsu, Chun-Ting Lai, Weng-Cheu Yue, Pin-Hsuan Huang, Cheryl C.H. Yang (2023) Mouth Puffing Phenomenon and Upper Airway Features May Be Used to Predict the Severity of Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Nature and Science of Sleep Volume 15:165-174 doi
203. Tsung‐Ying Tsai, Li‐Wei Lo, Wei-Lun Lin, Yu‐Hui Chou, Wen‐Han Cheng, Shin-Hui Liu, Cheryl C.H. Yang, Kuo, T. B. J., Shih‐Ann Chen (2023) Neural mechanism facilitating PM2.5-related cardiac arrhythmias through cardiovascular autonomic and calcium dysregulation in a rat model. Scientific Reports 13:16016-16016 doi
204. Tzu-Chun Wang, Wei Yi Li, Jerry Cheng‐Yen Lai, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheryl C.H. Yang (2023) Nociception Effect on Frontal Electroencephalogram Waveform and Phase-Amplitude Coupling in Laparoscopic Surgery. Anesthesia & Analgesia 138:1070-1080 doi
205. Cheryl C.H. Yang, Kuo, T. B. J., Chun-Hsiu Chen, Weiyi Li, Chang-Tsen Hung, Jiayi Li (2023) Older rats show slow modulation of hippocampal theta rhythm during voluntary running. Experimental Gerontology 173:112092-112092 doi
206. H. C. Shih, Yulin Chen, Hung‐Che Lin, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheryl C.H. Yang, Feng‐Hsiang Chiu, Yi Chang, Ofer Jacobowitz, Chia‐Mo Lin, Ying‐Shuo Hsu (2023) Potential Treatments for Epiglottic Collapse in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: How Modified Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy Help?. Otolaryngology 170:952-961 doi
207. Tien‐Yu Chen, Yen‐Ying Kung, Hsiao‐Ching Lai, Li‐Ang Lee, I-An Jen, Hsin‐An Chang, Chia-Yu Liu, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheryl C.H. Yang (2023) Prevalence and effects of sleep-disordered breathing on middle-aged patients with sedative-free generalized anxiety disorder: A prospective case-control study. Frontiers in Psychiatry 13:1067437-1067437 doi
208. Chieh-Wen Chen, Yam‐Ting Kwok, Yu‐Ting Cheng, Yu‐Shan Huang, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheng-Han Wu, Pei-Jing Du, Albert C. Yang, Cheryl C.H. Yang (2023) Reduced slow-wave activity and autonomic dysfunction during sleep precede cognitive deficits in Alzheimer’s disease transgenic mice. Scientific Reports 13:11231-11231 doi
209. Chia‐Hsin Yeh, Chun‐Yu Chen, Yu-En Kuo, Chieh-Wen Chen, Kuo, T. B. J., Kuan‐Liang Kuo, Hongming Chen, Hsin-Yi Huang, Chang‐Ming Chern, Cheryl C.H. Yang (2023) Role of the autonomic nervous system in young, middle-aged, and older individuals with essential hypertension and sleep-related changes in neurocardiac regulation. Scientific Reports 13:22623-22623 doi
210. Songyi Lin, Chia-Lin Chang, Kuo‐Tong Liou, Yao-Kai Kao, Yea‐Hwey Wang, Cher-Chia Chang, Kuo, T. B. J., Hung‐Tse Huang, Cheryl C.H. Yang, Chia‐Ching Liaw, Yuh‐Chiang Shen (2023) The protective role of Achyranthes aspera extract against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and PANoptosis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 319:117097-117097 doi
211. Hung‐Che Lin, Chih‐Hung Wang, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheryl C.H. Yang, Jih‐Chin Lee, Feng‐Shiang Chiu, Yi Chang, Ofer Jacobowitz, Chi‐Ming Chu, Ying‐Shuo Hsu (2023) Upper Airway Surgery or Weight Control? Modified Drug‐Induced Sleep Endoscopy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Otolaryngology 169:1345-1355 doi
212. Li‐Ang Lee, Hai‐Hua Chuang, Hui‐Shan Hsieh, Chao‐Yung Wang, Li‐Pang Chuang, Hsueh‐Yu Li, Tuan‐Jen Fang, Yu‐Shu Huang, Guo‐She Lee, Albert C. Yang, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheryl C.H. Yang (2023) Using sleep heart rate variability to investigate the sleep quality in children with obstructive sleep apnea. Frontiers in Public Health 11:1103085-1103085 doi
213. Chen, C. W., Chen, H. C., She, S. C., et al. (2024) Levilactobacillus brevis SG031 modulates mood-related behaviors and attenuates stress-related sleep disturbance and autonomic dysfunction via gut microbiota modulation in Wistar-Kyoto rats. Life Sciences. doi
214. Chen, T. Y., Lai, H. C., Ho, Y. T., et al. (2024) Impact of comorbid sleep-disordered breathing on escitalopram treatment in patients newly diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder: a 12-week prospective observational study. Journal of Psychiatric Research. doi
215. Chung‐Guei Huang, Wan‐Ni Lin, Li‐Jen Hsin, Yu‐Shu Huang, Li‐Pang Chuang, Tuan‐Jen Fang, Hsueh‐Yu Li, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheryl C.H. Yang, C. J. Lee, Li‐Ang Lee (2024) Alterations in Gut Microbiota Composition Are Associated with Changes in Emotional Distress in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Microorganisms 12:2626-2626 doi
216. Hai‐Hua Chuang, Li‐Ang Lee, Li‐Pang Chuang, Hsueh‐Yu Li, Yu‐Shu Huang, Shih-Hsuan Chou, Guo‐She Lee, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheryl C.H. Yang, Chung‐Guei Huang (2024) Alterations of Gut Microbiome Composition and Function Pre- and Post-Adenotonsillectomy in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery 53:19160216241293070-19160216241293070 doi
217. Chuen-Ru Liu, Chih-Yuan Yang, Dipanshu Sharma, Tun-Hao Chen, Xian-Qing Huang, Tsui-Mei Hung, Kuo, T. B. J., Jwo‐Huei Jou (2024) Associations between Sleep Duration and Autonomic Nervous System Regulation in Patients with Probable Alzheimer’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional Pilot Study. Clocks & Sleep 6:533-545 doi
218. Yong-Ping Wang, Kuo, T. B. J., Guozhi Wang, Cheryl C.H. Yang (2024) Different effects of inspiratory duration and expiratory duration on heart rate deceleration capacity and heart rate asymmetry. European Journal of Applied Physiology 124:2101-2110 doi
219. Wei-Lun Lin, Ya‐Wen Hsiao, Shin-Huei Liu, Wen‐Han Cheng, Tsung‐Ying Tsai, Yu‐Hui Chou, Cheryl C.H. Yang, Kuo, T. B. J., Shih-Ann Chen, Li‐Wei Lo (2024) Effects of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on sleep apnea: Insights from a rat model of cardiovascular autonomic dysregulation. Sleep Medicine 115:76-82 doi
220. Ying‐Shuo Hsu, Yuan‐Kai Ke, Kuo, T. B. J., Yi Chang, Ofer Jacobowitz, Chia‐Mo Lin, Shih-Chieh Lo, Cheryl C. H. Yang (2024) Expiratory Velopharyngeal Obstruction: Sleep Endoscopy‐Guided Treatment Strategies to Prevent Oral Breathing During Sleep. Otolaryngology 171:1591-1600 doi
221. I-An Jen, Kuo, T. B. J., Yung‐Po Liaw (2024) Sex-specific associations of Notch signaling with chronic HBV infection: a study from Taiwan Biobank. Biology of Sex Differences 15:69-69 doi
222. Yung-Hung Wang, Sheng‐Fu Liang, Kuo, T. B. J., Yu-Chuan Lin (2024) Software Implementation of Real-Time EMD-Based Algorithm in Embedded Microprocessors for Wearable Devices. IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 73:1-10 doi
223. Chen, H. J., Ou, H., Chen, R. Y., et al. (2025) Association between sleep duration, sleep apnea risk, and osteoporosis in older adults: a cross-sectional study in elder care institutions in Taiwan. BMC Geriatrics. doi
224. Hsu, C. C., Chen, T. Y., Ou, H., Kuo, T. B. J., Yang, C. C. H. (2025) Interactions between depression, autonomic dysfunction, inhibitory control and reaction time: insights from heart rate variability during continuous performance test. Psychiatry Investigation. doi
225. Huang, N. E., Yuan, W. S., Yang, A. C., Kuo, T. B. J., et al. (2025) Quantifying consciousness through intrinsic probability density function. Biological Psychology. doi
226. Norden Eh Huang, Wei-Shuai Yuan, Yuan Fang, Xiaomin Guo, Albert C. Yang, Kuo, T. B. J., Tiemei Zhang, Jianping Cai, Helen Y. Kang, Yingqiang Zhang, Wei‐Kuang Liang (2025) A Fast Screen System for Dementia Based on EEG Signals. Human Brain 4 doi
227. Chung-Chih Hsu, Tien‐Yu Chen, Jia-Yi Li, Kuo, T. B. J., Cheryl C.H. Yang (2025) Differential Analysis of Heart Rate Variability in Repeated Continuous Performance Tests Among Healthy Young Men. Psychiatry Investigation 22:148-155 doi
228. Chi-Wei Lin, Jen-Tin Lee, Ya‐Chun Chu, Chieh-Wen Chen, Cheng-Han Wu, Sheng-Chieh She, Kuo, T. B. J., Shiang‐Suo Huang, Cheryl C.H. Yang (2025) Effects of improving intermittent hypoxia on poststroke Recovery: Role of cardiovascular status and sleep patterns in animal models. Sleep Medicine 134:106676-106676 doi
229. Norden Eh Huang, Weishuai Yuan, Chi-Hung Juan, Wei‐Kuang Liang, Yung-Hung Wang, Zhaohua Wu, Yuanling Zhang, Albert C. Yang, Kuo, T. B. J., Fangli Qiao (2025) On the Reliability Index of the Holo-Hilbert Spectral Analysis. Advances in Data Science and Adaptive Analysis 17 doi
230. She, S. C., Lin, C. W., Chen, C. W., et al. (2026) Distinct temporal patterns of acute intermittent hypoxia differentially affect sleep, autonomic regulation, and cognition in normotensive and hypertensive rats. Sleep Medicine.
231. Hsu, T. Y., Tang, G. J., Wu, C. H., Lee, J. T., Kuo, T. B. J. (2026) A feasibility study of literature-guided HRV stratification using large language models. Diagnostics. doi
232. Hsu, Y. S., Lin, Y. C., Kuo, Y. E., et al. (2026) Patch-type heart rate variability analysis with artificial intelligence for detection of obstructive sleep apnea. Nature and Science of Sleep. doi
233. Ho, Y. T., Chen, C. W., Kuo, T. B. J., Hsieh, C. Y., Kuo, K. L., Yang, C. C. H. (2026) Nocturnal heat impairs sleep architecture and autonomic activity in young men, with BMI-dependent effects on sleep. Sleep Medicine.
234. Sheng-Chieh She, Chi-Wei Lin, Chieh-Wen Chen, Cheng-Han Wu, Shiang-Suo Huang, Ching-Jung Lai, Kuo, T. B. J., Ding‐I Yang, Yi-Heng Hsie, Kuan‐Liang Kuo, Cheryl C.H. Yang (2026) Differential cardiovascular and autonomic responses to structurally distinct intermittent hypoxia paradigms in rats. Hypertension Research 49:1659-1672 doi
235. Sari Rahmawati Kusuma Dewi, Huan-Chieh Chen, Yu‐Chuan Li, Hsuan‐Chia Yang, Chih-Wei Huang, Lung Chan, Yuan-Yu Tu, Kuo, T. B. J., Ming‐Chin Lin (2026) EEG functional connectivity measures for differentiating 6-month consciousness-related outcome after brain injury. BMC Medical Imaging 26 doi
236. Song-Yi Lin, Ching-Yao Tsai, Kuo, T. B. J., Yen‐Ying Kung, Cheryl C. H. Yang (2026) Enhancing ocular accommodation function and intraocular pressure symmetry through Mingshi Qigong: A pilot case series on visual fatigue recovery. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 15:1000-1007 doi

External links

• Kuo Lab (Terry B. J. Kuo's laboratory)
• Faculty of the Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
• ORCID: 0000-0002-7107-3632
• Column in CommonHealth Magazine (in Chinese)